Home Backend Development PHP Tutorial 【Phan】Code static scanning

【Phan】Code static scanning

May 15, 2019 am 09:33 AM

很多时候,最大的优势在某些情况下就会变成最大的劣势。PHP 语法非常灵活,也不用编译。但是在项目比较复杂的时候,可能会导致一些意想不到的 bug。

背景分析

不知道你的项目是否有遇到过类似的线上故障呢?比如

继承类语法错误导致的故障

文件1

class Animal
{
    public $hasLeg = false;
}
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文件2

include "Animal.php";
class Dog extends Animal
{
    protected $hasLeg = false;
}
$dog = new Dog();
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php Dog.php
Fatal error: Access level to Dog::$hasLeg must be public (as in class Animal) in /Users/mengkang/vagrant-develop/project/untitled1/Dog.php on line 5
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【Phan】Code static scanning

(注意 IDE 并没有提示有预发错误的哟,我专门截图)

今天在看代码的时候看到一个变量一直重复查询,就是用户是否是管理员的身份。我想既然这样,不然在第一次用的地方就放入到成员变量里,免得后面都重复查询。

结果发现我在父类定义的变量名$isAdmin,之前的代码已经在某一个子类里面单独定义过了。父类里是public属性,而子类里是private导致了这个故障。

如果是 java 这种错误,无法编译通过。但是 php 不需要编译,只要测试没有覆盖到刚刚修改的文件就不会发现这个问题,既是优势也是弱势。

参数不符合预期

【Phan】Code static scanning

有时候a.php,b.php,c.php三个文件都引用d.php的的一个函数,但是修改了d.php里面的一个函数的参数个数,如果前面使用的3个文件里面的没有改全,只改了a.php,而测试的时候又没有覆盖到b.php和c.php,那么上线了,就会触发bug和错误了。

错把数组当对象

你可能认为这种错误太低级了,不可能发生在自己身上,但是根据我的经验的确会发生,高强度的需求之下,很容易复制粘贴一些东西,只复制一半。而且恰巧因为某些逻辑判断,自己在日常环境开发的时候,出现问题的地方没有被执行到。

比如下面这段代码:

$article = $this->getParam('article');
// 假设下面这段代码是复制的
$isPowerEditer = "xxxxx 演示代码";
if(!$isPowerEditer){
    if ($article->getUserId() != $uid)
    {
        ...
    }
}
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因为复制的来源处,$article是一个对象,所以调用了getUserId的方法。但是上面的$article是一个从客户端获取的参数,不是对象。

Call to a member function getUserId() on a non-object
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而自己测试的时候,因为if(!$isPowerEditer)的判断导致没有执行到里面去。直到上线之后才发现问题。

错把对象当数组

【Phan】Code static scanning

Cannot use object of type DataObject\Article as array
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不禁反思,如果这个项目是 java 的,肯定不会出现上面两个问题了,因为在项目构建的时候就已经没法通过了。

不存在的数组

【Phan】Code static scanning

这也不飘红?多写了个s呢,可能因为外面包了一个empty所以IDE没有标记为错误吧。所以我们不能太相信IDE。

思考与改进

自造轮子实验

进一步思考,我们是否能够做一个工具来自己模拟编译呢?写了一个小 demo ,依赖nikic/php-parser

https://github.com/nikic/PHP-Parser
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PHP-Parser 可以把PHP代码解析为AST,方便我们做语法分析。比如上面的例子

文件1

class Animal
{
    public $hasLeg = false;
}
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文件2(Dog.php)

include "Animal.php";
class Dog extends Animal
{
    protected $hasLeg = false;
}
$dog = new Dog();
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我们利用 PHP-Parser 做了语法解析检测,代码如下:

include dirname(__DIR__)."/vendor/autoload.php";
use PhpParser\Error;
use PhpParser\Node\Stmt\Property;
use PhpParser\ParserFactory;
use PhpParser\Node\Stmt\Class_;
$code = file_get_contents("Dog.php");
$parser = (new ParserFactory)->create(ParserFactory::PREFER_PHP5);
try {
    $ast = $parser->parse($code);
} catch (Error $error) {
    echo "Parse error: {$error->getMessage()}\n";
    return;
}
$classCheck = new ClassCheck($ast);
$classCheck->extendsCheck();
class ClassCheck{
    /**
     * @var Class_[]|null
     */
    private $classTable;
    public function __construct($nodes)
    {
        foreach ($nodes as $node){
            if ($node instanceof Class_){
                $name = $node->name;
                if (!isset($this->classTable[$name])) {
                    $this->classTable[$name] = $node;
                }else{
                    // 报错哪里类重复了
                    echo $node->getLine();
                }
            }
        }
    }
    public function extendsCheck(){
        foreach ($this->classTable as $node){
            if (!$node->extends){
                continue;
            }
            $parentClassName = $node->extends->getFirst();
            if (!isset($this->classTable[$parentClassName])) {
                exit($parentClassName."不存在");
            }
            $parentNode = $this->classTable[$parentClassName];
            foreach ($node->stmts as $stmt){
                if ($stmt instanceof Property){
                    // 查看该属性是否存在于父类中
                    $this->propertyCheck($stmt,$parentNode);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    /**
     * @param Property $property
     * @param Class_ $parentNode
     */
    private function propertyCheck($property,$parentNode){
        foreach ($parentNode->stmts as $stmt){
            if ($stmt instanceof Property){
                if ($stmt->props[0]->name != $property->props[0]->name){
                    continue;
                }
                if ($stmt->isProtected() && $property->isPrivate()) {
                    echo $stmt->getLine()."\n";
                    echo $property->getLine()."\n";
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
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原理能就是对解析出来的AST继续做分析,但是前人栽树后人乘凉,这样的完整工具已经有大神帮我们做好了。

使用现有工具

https://github.com/phan/phan
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可以说它与上面介绍的nikic/php-parser师出同门,依赖nikic/php-astPHP扩展

先安装php-ast扩展

大概描述安装步骤

git clone https://github.com/nikic/php-ast
cd php-ast/
phpize
sudo ./configure --enable-ast
sudo make
sudo make install
cd /etc/php.d
# 引入扩展
sudo vim ast.ini
# 就能看到扩展啦
php -m | grep ast
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安装 composer

大概描述安装步骤

curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php
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安装plan

mkdir test
cd test
~/composer.phar require --dev "phan/phan:1.x"
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实验

实验1

新建个项目,随便写个有问题的代码

路径是src/a.php

<?php
class A extends B
{
    public function a1()
    {
        return $this->a2(1);
    }
    /**
     * @param array $b
     *
     * @return int
     */
    private function a2($b)
    {
        return $b + 1;
    }
}
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写个shell脚本

#!/bin/bash
function log()
{
    echo -e -n "\033[01;35m[YUNQI] \033[01;31m"
    echo $@
    echo -e -n "\033[00m"
}
Color_Text()
{
  echo -e " \e[0;$2m$1\e[0m"
}
Echo_Red()
{
  echo $(Color_Text "$1" "31")
}
Echo_Green()
{
  echo $(Color_Text "$1" "32")
}
Echo_Yellow()
{
  echo $(Color_Text "$1" "33")
}
: > file.list
for file in $(ls src/*)
do
  echo $file >> file.list
done
Echo_Green "file list:\n"
Echo_Green "========================\n"
cat file.list
Echo_Green "========================\n"
Echo_Yellow "Phan run\n"
Echo_Yellow "========================\n"
./vendor/bin/phan -f file.list -o res.out
Echo_Yellow "========================\n"
Echo_Red "error log\n"
Echo_Red "========================\n"
cat res.out
Echo_Red "========================\n"
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执行结果

案例中的错误

1.类不存在

2.参数类型错误

3.语法运算类型推断

【Phan】Code static scanning

实验2

新增一个src/b.php

<?php
class B{
}
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执行结果

能过自动查找到class B了,不用我们做自动加载规则的指定

【Phan】Code static scanning

实验3

刚刚两个都是测试的单独的脚本,没有测试项目,其实Plan已经支持了。假如我有一个项目如下

【Phan】Code static scanning

我在composer.json里面指定自动加载规则

{
  "require-dev": {
    "phan/phan": "1.x"
  },
  "autoload": {
    "psr-4": {
      "Mk\\": "src"
    }
  }
}
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然后在项目根目录执行

./vendor/bin/phan --init --init-level=3
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然后就会生成默认的配置文件在.phan目录里,最后就可以执行静态检测命令了

./vendor/bin/phan --progress-bar
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【Phan】Code static scanning

如图所示呢,说明根据项目的自动加载规则A,B,C三个类呢都被扫描到了。

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