How to write a web crawler in java
网络爬虫
网络爬虫(又被称为网页蜘蛛,网络机器人,在FOAF社区中间,更经常的称为网页追逐者),是一种按照一定的规则,自动地抓取万维网信息的程序或者脚本。
聚焦爬虫工作原理以及关键技术概述
网络爬虫是一个自动提取网页的程序,它为搜索引擎从万维网上下载网页,是搜索引擎的重要组成。传统爬虫从一个或若干初始网页的URL开始,获得初始网页上的URL,在抓取网页的过程中,不断从当前页面上抽取新的URL放入队列,直到满足系统的一定停止条件。聚焦爬虫的工作流程较为复杂,需要根据一定的网页分析算法过滤与主题无关的链接,保留有用的链接并将其放入等待抓取的URL队列。然后,它将根据一定的搜索策略从队列中选择下一步要抓取的网页URL,并重复上述过程,直到达到系统的某一条件时停止。另外,所有被爬虫抓取的网页将会被系统存贮,进行一定的分析、过滤,并建立索引,以便之后的查询和检索;对于聚焦爬虫来说,这一过程所得到的分析结果还可能对以后的抓取过程给出反馈和指导。
相对于通用网络爬虫,聚焦爬虫还需要解决三个主要问题:
(1) 对抓取目标的描述或定义;
(2) 对网页或数据的分析与过滤;
(3) 对URL的搜索策略。
网络爬虫的实现原理
根据这种原理,写一个简单的网络爬虫程序 ,该程序实现的功能是获取网站发回的数据,并提取之中的网址,获取的网址我们存放在一个文件夹中。除了提取网址,我们还可以提取其他各种我们想要的信息,只要修改过滤数据的表达式则可以。
以下是利用Java模拟的一个程序,提取新浪页面上的链接,存放在一个文件里
源代码如下:
package com.cellstrain.icell.util; import java.io.*; import java.net.*; import java.util.regex.Matcher; import java.util.regex.Pattern; /** * java实现爬虫 */ public class Robot { public static void main(String[] args) { URL url = null; URLConnection urlconn = null; BufferedReader br = null; PrintWriter pw = null; // String regex = "http://[\\w+\\.?/?]+\\.[A-Za-z]+"; String regex = "https://[\\w+\\.?/?]+\\.[A-Za-z]+";//url匹配规则 Pattern p = Pattern.compile(regex); try { url = new URL("https://www.rndsystems.com/cn");//爬取的网址、这里爬取的是一个生物网站 urlconn = url.openConnection(); pw = new PrintWriter(new FileWriter("D:/SiteURL.txt"), true);//将爬取到的链接放到D盘的SiteURL文件中 br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader( urlconn.getInputStream())); String buf = null; while ((buf = br.readLine()) != null) { Matcher buf_m = p.matcher(buf); while (buf_m.find()) { pw.println(buf_m.group()); } } System.out.println("爬取成功^_^"); } catch (MalformedURLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { br.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } pw.close(); } } }
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