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php数组合并 - 程羽蒙

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Release: 2016-05-20 11:54:47
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php的array,和java是有很大差距的,虽然php的弱类型的设计可能会被很多java、C++的程序员诟病,但是我觉得在数组容器的设计上,php走的比java和C++都要远。

java的容器设计除了不彻底的问题,其允许存在类C++的数组的存在,是java语言本身唯一一处不满足一切皆对象的存在。

实际上容器的存在,本身是要降低一定的效率的,可是如果过分强调效率,为什么不干脆使用机器码呢?所以我不太喜欢那些拿php容器设计走的过分远的观点。

众所周知,php的array本身是map。

对于普通数组而言,实际上其内部结构是:

$arr1=array(1,2,3,4,5);
print_r($arr1,1);
 
Array
(
    [0] => 1
    [1] => 2
    [2] => 3
    [3] => 4
    [4] => 5
)
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而对于我们通常理解的map而言,php内部是这么实现的:

<span style="color: #800080;">$arr2</span>=<span style="color: #0000ff;">array</span>('c'=>1,'y'=>2,'m'=>3<span style="color: #000000;">);
</span><span style="color: #008080;">print_r</span>(<span style="color: #800080;">$arr2</span>,1<span style="color: #000000;">);

 </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">Array</span><span style="color: #000000;">
(
    [c] </span>=> 1<span style="color: #000000;">
    [y] </span>=> 2<span style="color: #000000;">
    [m] </span>=> 3<span style="color: #000000;">
)</span>
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对于数组合并而言,你可以认为php使用了类似于C++的重载功能,重载了加号:

 <span style="color: #008080;">print_r</span>(<span style="color: #800080;">$arr1</span>+<span style="color: #800080;">$arr2</span>,1<span style="color: #000000;">);
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">Array</span><span style="color: #000000;">
(
    [</span>0] => 1<span style="color: #000000;">
    [</span>1] => 2<span style="color: #000000;">
    [</span>2] => 3<span style="color: #000000;">
    [</span>3] => 4<span style="color: #000000;">
    [</span>4] => 5<span style="color: #000000;">
    [c] </span>=> 1<span style="color: #000000;">
    [y] </span>=> 2<span style="color: #000000;">
    [m] </span>=> 3<span style="color: #000000;">
)</span>
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这种数组合并很方便于你从头遍历这个数组,因为在很多时候你不会采用随机访问的方式使用数组,而是从头遍历到结尾。

不过,这里,你容易忽略的一个问题是,array本质就是map。如果两个数组有相同键的时候,是很容易被你忽略的:

<span style="color: #800080;">$arr1</span>=<span style="color: #0000ff;">array</span>(1,2,3,4,5<span style="color: #000000;">);
</span><span style="color: #800080;">$arr2</span>=<span style="color: #0000ff;">array</span>(7,8,9<span style="color: #000000;">);
</span><span style="color: #800080;">$arr3</span>=<span style="color: #0000ff;">array</span>('1'=>'c','2'=>'y','3'=>'m','4'=>'z','5'=>'a'<span>); <br /><br /></span><span style="color: #008080;">print_r</span>(<span style="color: #800080;">$arr1</span>+<span style="color: #800080;">$arr2</span>,1<span>);<br /> </span><span style="color: #008080;">print_r</span>(<span style="color: #800080;">$arr1</span>+<span style="color: #800080;">$arr3</span>,1<span>); <br /><br /></span><span style="color: #0000ff;">Array</span><span> ( <br />     [</span>0] => 1<span> <br />     [</span>1] => 2<span> <br />     [</span>2] => 3<span> <br />     [</span>3] => 4<span> <br />     [</span>4] => 5
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<em id="__mceDel"><span style="color: #000000;">)
 
 </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">Array</span><span style="color: #000000;">
(
    [</span>0] => 1<span style="color: #000000;">
    [</span>1] => 2<span style="color: #000000;">
    [</span>2] => 3<span style="color: #000000;">
    [</span>3] => 4<span style="color: #000000;">
    [</span>4] => 5<br />    [5] => a</em>
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<span style="color: #000000;">)</span>
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我举第二个例子的意思就是告诉你,缺省的时候,php的键是0,1,2,3。

而对于数组合并的时候,对于已经存在的键,后面追加的值不会覆盖原来的值。

似乎只有最后一句话的价值比较大。我写博客就是废话比较多。

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