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What are the common databases in python?

爱喝马黛茶的安东尼

Jun 12, 2019 am 11:11 AM

python database

What are the common databases in python? Databases are roughly divided into two categories. The first category includes relational databases, and the second category is non-relational databases. The following is an introduction to the relevant knowledge of these two types of databases.

Including relational databases: sqlite, mysql, mssql

Non-relational databases: MongoDB, Redis

What are the common databases in python?

1. Connect to Sqlite

import sqlite3
import traceback
try:
    # 如果表不存在,就创建
    with sqlite3.connect(&#39;test.db&#39;) as conn:
        print("Opened database successfully")
        # 删除表
        conn.execute("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS  COMPANY")
        # 创建表
        sql = """
                 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS COMPANY
               (ID INTEGER  PRIMARY KEY       AUTOINCREMENT,
               NAME           TEXT    NOT NULL,
               AGE            INT     NOT NULL,
               ADDRESS        CHAR(50),
               SALARY         REAL);
        """
        conn.execute(sql)
        print("create table successfully")
        # 添加数据
        conn.executemany("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ? )",
                         [(&#39;Paul&#39;, 32, &#39;California&#39;, 20000.00),
                          (&#39;Allen&#39;, 25, &#39;Texas&#39;, 15000.00),
                          (&#39;Teddy&#39;, 23, &#39;Norway&#39;, 20000.00),
                          (&#39;Mark&#39;, 25, &#39;Rich-Mond &#39;, 65000.00),
                          (&#39;David&#39;, 27, &#39;Texas&#39;, 85000.00),
                          (&#39;Kim&#39;, 22, &#39;South-Hall&#39;, 45000.00),
                          (&#39;James&#39;, 24, &#39;Houston&#39;, 10000.00)])
        # conn.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)\
        # VALUES ( &#39;Paul&#39;, 32, &#39;California&#39;, 20000.00 )")
        #
        # conn.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)\
        # VALUES (&#39;Allen&#39;, 25, &#39;Texas&#39;, 15000.00 )")
        #
        # conn.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)\
        # VALUES (&#39;Teddy&#39;, 23, &#39;Norway&#39;, 20000.00 )")
        #
        # conn.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)\
        # VALUES ( &#39;Mark&#39;, 25, &#39;Rich-Mond &#39;, 65000.00 )")
        #
        # conn.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)\
        # VALUES ( &#39;David&#39;, 27, &#39;Texas&#39;, 85000.00 )");
        #
        # conn.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)\
        # VALUES ( &#39;Kim&#39;, 22, &#39;South-Hall&#39;, 45000.00 )")
        #
        # conn.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)\
        # VALUES ( &#39;James&#39;, 24, &#39;Houston&#39;, 10000.00 )")
        # 提交,否则重新运行程序时,表中无数据
        conn.commit()
        print("insert successfully")
        # 查询表
        sql = """
            select id,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY FROM COMPANY
         """
        result = conn.execute(sql)
        for row in result:
            print("-" * 50)  # 输出50个-,作为分界线
            print("%-10s %s" % ("id", row[0]))  # 字段名固定10位宽度,并且左对齐
            print("%-10s %s" % ("name", row[1]))
            print("%-10s %s" % ("age", row[2]))
            print("%-10s %s" % ("address", row[3]))
            print("%-10s %.2f" % ("salary", row[4]))
            # or
            # print(&#39;{:10s} {:.2f}&#39;.format("salary", row[4]))
except sqlite3.Error as e:
    print("sqlite3 Error:", e)
    traceback.print_exc()

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2. Connect mysql

Related recommendations: "python video tutorial"

2.2 Using MySQLdb

2.1 Using _mysql in the mysqldb library

import MySQLdb
from contextlib import closing
import traceback
try:
    # 获取一个数据库连接
    with closing(MySQLdb.connect(host=&#39;localhost&#39;, user=&#39;root&#39;, passwd=&#39;root&#39;, db=&#39;test&#39;, port=3306,charset=&#39;utf8&#39;)) as conn:
        print("connect database successfully")
        with closing(conn.cursor()) as cur:
            # 删除表
            cur.execute("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS  COMPANY")
            # 创建表
            sql = """
                     CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS COMPANY
                   (ID INTEGER  PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL  auto_increment,
                   NAME           TEXT    NOT NULL,
                   AGE            INT     NOT NULL,
                   ADDRESS        CHAR(50),
                   SALARY         REAL);
            """
            cur.execute(sql)
            print("create table successfully")
            # 添加数据
            # 在一个conn.execute里面里面执行多个sql语句是非法的
            cur.executemany("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) VALUES ( %s, %s, %s, %s )",
                            [(&#39;Paul&#39;, 32, &#39;California&#39;, 20000.00),
                             (&#39;Allen&#39;, 25, &#39;Texas&#39;, 15000.00),
                             (&#39;Teddy&#39;, 23, &#39;Norway&#39;, 20000.00),
                             (&#39;Mark&#39;, 25, &#39;Rich-Mond &#39;, 65000.00),
                             (&#39;David&#39;, 27, &#39;Texas&#39;, 85000.00),
                             (&#39;Kim&#39;, 22, &#39;South-Hall&#39;, 45000.00),
                             (&#39;James&#39;, 24, &#39;Houston&#39;, 10000.00)])
            # 提交,否则重新运行程序时,表中无数据
            conn.commit()
            print("insert successfully")
            # 查询表
            sql = """
                select id,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY FROM COMPANY
             """
            cur.execute(sql)
            for row in cur.fetchall():
                print("-" * 50)  # 输出50个-,作为分界线
                print("%-10s %s" % ("id", row[0]))  # 字段名固定10位宽度,并且左对齐
                print("%-10s %s" % ("name", row[1]))
                print("%-10s %s" % ("age", row[2]))
                print("%-10s %s" % ("address", row[3]))
                print("%-10s %s" % ("salary", row[4]))
except MySQLdb.Error as e:
    print("Mysql Error:", e)
    traceback.print_exc()  # 打印错误栈信息

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2.2 Using MySQLdb

import MySQLdb
from contextlib import closing
import traceback
try:
    # 获取一个数据库连接
    with closing(MySQLdb.connect(host=&#39;localhost&#39;, user=&#39;root&#39;, passwd=&#39;root&#39;, db=&#39;test&#39;, port=3306,charset=&#39;utf8&#39;)) as conn:
        print("connect database successfully")
        with closing(conn.cursor()) as cur:
            # 删除表
            cur.execute("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS  COMPANY")
            # 创建表
            sql = """
                     CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS COMPANY
                   (ID INTEGER  PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL  auto_increment,
                   NAME           TEXT    NOT NULL,
                   AGE            INT     NOT NULL,
                   ADDRESS        CHAR(50),
                   SALARY         REAL);
            """
            cur.execute(sql)
            print("create table successfully")
            # 添加数据
            # 在一个conn.execute里面里面执行多个sql语句是非法的
            cur.executemany("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) VALUES ( %s, %s, %s, %s )",
                            [(&#39;Paul&#39;, 32, &#39;California&#39;, 20000.00),
                             (&#39;Allen&#39;, 25, &#39;Texas&#39;, 15000.00),
                             (&#39;Teddy&#39;, 23, &#39;Norway&#39;, 20000.00),
                             (&#39;Mark&#39;, 25, &#39;Rich-Mond &#39;, 65000.00),
                             (&#39;David&#39;, 27, &#39;Texas&#39;, 85000.00),
                             (&#39;Kim&#39;, 22, &#39;South-Hall&#39;, 45000.00),
                             (&#39;James&#39;, 24, &#39;Houston&#39;, 10000.00)])
            # 提交,否则重新运行程序时,表中无数据
            conn.commit()
            print("insert successfully")
            # 查询表
            sql = """
                select id,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY FROM COMPANY
             """
            cur.execute(sql)
            for row in cur.fetchall():
                print("-" * 50)  # 输出50个-,作为分界线
                print("%-10s %s" % ("id", row[0]))  # 字段名固定10位宽度,并且左对齐
                print("%-10s %s" % ("name", row[1]))
                print("%-10s %s" % ("age", row[2]))
                print("%-10s %s" % ("address", row[3]))
                print("%-10s %s" % ("salary", row[4]))
except MySQLdb.Error as e:
    print("Mysql Error:", e)
    traceback.print_exc()  # 打印错误栈信息

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2.3 Use pymysql

Section 2.1 and 2.2 use MySQLdb, which does not support Python3.x
pymysql has better support for Python2.x and Python3.x

import pymysql
from contextlib import closing
import traceback
try:
    # 获取一个数据库连接,with关键字 表示退出时,conn自动关闭
    # with 嵌套上一层的with 要使用closing()
    with closing(pymysql.connect(host=&#39;localhost&#39;, user=&#39;root&#39;, passwd=&#39;root&#39;, db=&#39;test&#39;, port=3306,
                                 charset=&#39;utf8&#39;)) as conn:
        print("connect database successfully")
        # 获取游标,with关键字 表示退出时,cur自动关闭
        with conn.cursor() as cur:
            # 删除表
            cur.execute("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS  COMPANY")
            # 创建表
            sql = """
                     CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS COMPANY
                   (ID INTEGER  PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL  auto_increment,
                   NAME           TEXT    NOT NULL,
                   AGE            INT     NOT NULL,
                   ADDRESS        CHAR(50),
                   SALARY         REAL);
            """
            cur.execute(sql)
            print("create table successfully")
            # 添加数据
            # 在一个conn.execute里面里面执行多个sql语句是非法的
            cur.executemany("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) VALUES ( %s, %s, %s, %s )",
                            [(&#39;Paul&#39;, 32, &#39;California&#39;, 20000.00),
                             (&#39;Allen&#39;, 25, &#39;Texas&#39;, 15000.00),
                             (&#39;Teddy&#39;, 23, &#39;Norway&#39;, 20000.00),
                             (&#39;Mark&#39;, 25, &#39;Rich-Mond &#39;, 65000.00),
                             (&#39;David&#39;, 27, &#39;Texas&#39;, 85000.00),
                             (&#39;Kim&#39;, 22, &#39;South-Hall&#39;, 45000.00),
                             (&#39;James&#39;, 24, &#39;Houston&#39;, 10000.00)])
            # 提交,否则重新运行程序时,表中无数据
            conn.commit()
            print("insert successfully")
            # 查询表
            sql = """
                select id,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY FROM COMPANY
             """
            cur.execute(sql)
            for row in cur.fetchall():
                print("-" * 50)  # 输出50个-,作为分界线
                print("%-10s %s" % ("id", row[0]))  # 字段名固定10位宽度,并且左对齐
                print("%-10s %s" % ("name", row[1]))
                print("%-10s %s" % ("age", row[2]))
                print("%-10s %s" % ("address", row[3]))
                print("%-10s %s" % ("salary", row[4]))
except pymysql.Error as e:
    print("Mysql Error:", e)
    traceback.print_exc()

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3.Connect to mssql

import pymssql
from contextlib import closing
try:
    # 先要保证数据库中有test数据库
    # 获取一个数据库连接,with关键字 表示退出时,conn自动关闭
    # with 嵌套上一层的with 要使用closing()
    with closing(pymssql.connect(host=&#39;192.168.100.114&#39;, user=&#39;sa&#39;, password=&#39;sa12345&#39;, database=&#39;test&#39;, port=1433,
                                 charset=&#39;utf8&#39;)) as conn:
        print("connect database successfully")
        # 获取游标,with关键字 表示退出时,cur自动关闭
        with conn.cursor() as cur:
            # 删除表
            cur.execute(
                    &#39;&#39;&#39;if exists (select 1 from  sys.objects where name=&#39;COMPANY&#39; and  type=&#39;U&#39;)  drop table COMPANY&#39;&#39;&#39;)
            # 创建表
            sql = """
                     CREATE TABLE  COMPANY
                   (ID INT  IDENTITY(1,1) PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL ,
                   NAME           TEXT    NOT NULL,
                   AGE            INT     NOT NULL,
                   ADDRESS        CHAR(50),
                   SALARY         REAL);
            """
            cur.execute(sql)
            print("create table successfully")
            # 添加数据
            # 在一个conn.execute里面里面执行多个sql语句是非法的
            cur.executemany("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) VALUES ( %s, %s, %s, %s )",
                            [(&#39;Paul&#39;, 32, &#39;California&#39;, 20000.00),
                             (&#39;Allen&#39;, 25, &#39;Texas&#39;, 15000.00),
                             (&#39;Teddy&#39;, 23, &#39;Norway&#39;, 20000.00),
                             (&#39;Mark&#39;, 25, &#39;Rich-Mond&#39;, 65000.00),
                             (&#39;David&#39;, 27, &#39;Texas&#39;, 85000.00),
                             (&#39;Kim&#39;, 22, &#39;South-Hall&#39;, 45000.00),
                             (&#39;James&#39;, 24, &#39;Houston&#39;, 10000.00)])
            # 提交,否则重新运行程序时,表中无数据
            conn.commit()
            print("insert successfully")
            # 查询表
            sql = """
                select id,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY FROM COMPANY
             """
            cur.execute(sql)
            for row in cur.fetchall():
                print("-" * 50)  # 输出50个-,作为分界线
                print("%-10s %s" % ("id", row[0]))  # 字段名固定10位宽度,并且左对齐
                print("%-10s %s" % ("name", row[1]))
                print("%-10s %s" % ("age", row[2]))
                print("%-10s %s" % ("address", row[3]))
                print("%-10s %s" % ("salary", row[4]))
except pymssql.Error as e:
    print("mssql Error:", e)
    # traceback.print_exc()

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4.Connect to MongoDB

import pymongo
from pymongo.mongo_client import MongoClient
import pymongo.errors
import traceback
try:
    # 连接到 mongodb 服务
    mongoClient = MongoClient(&#39;localhost&#39;, 27017)
    # 连接到数据库
    mongoDatabase = mongoClient.test
    print("connect database successfully")
    # 获取集合
    mongoCollection = mongoDatabase.COMPANY
    # 移除所有数据
    mongoCollection.remove()
    # 添加数据
    mongoCollection.insert_many([{"Name": "Paul", "Age": "32", "Address": "California", "Salary": "20000.00"},
                                 {"Name": "Allen", "Age": "25", "Address": "Texas", "Salary": "15000.00"},
                                 {"Name": "Teddy", "Age": "23", "Address": "Norway", "Salary": "20000.00"},
                                 {"Name": "Mark", "Age": "25", "Address": "Rich-Mond", "Salary": "65000.00"},
                                 {"Name": "David", "Age": "27", "Address": "Texas", "Salary": "85000.00"},
                                 {"Name": "Kim", "Age": "22", "Address": "South-Hall", "Salary": "45000.00"},
                                 {"Name": "James", "Age": "24", "Address": "Houston", "Salary": "10000.00"}, ])
    #获取集合中的值
    for row in mongoCollection.find():
        print("-" * 50)  # 输出50个-,作为分界线
        print("%-10s %s" % ("_id", row[&#39;_id&#39;]))  # 字段名固定10位宽度,并且左对齐
        print("%-10s %s" % ("name", row[&#39;Name&#39;]))
        print("%-10s %s" % ("age", row[&#39;Age&#39;]))
        print("%-10s %s" % ("address", row[&#39;Address&#39;]))
        print("%-10s %s" % ("salary", row[&#39;Salary&#39;]))
    print(&#39;\n\n\n&#39;)
    # 使id自增
    mongoCollection.remove()
    # 创建计数表
    mongoDatabase.counters.save({"_id": "people_id", "sequence_value": 0})
    # 创建存储过程
    mongoDatabase.system_js.getSequenceValue = &#39;&#39;&#39;function getSequenceValue(sequenceName){
            var sequenceDocument = db.counters.findAndModify({
                query: {_id: sequenceName},
                update: {$inc:{sequence_value: 1}},
                new:true
            });
            return sequenceDocument.sequence_value;
        }&#39;&#39;&#39;
    mongoCollection.insert_many(
            [{"_id": mongoDatabase.eval("getSequenceValue(&#39;people_id&#39;)"), "Name": "Paul", "Age": "32",
              "Address": "California", "Salary": "20000.00"},
             {"_id": mongoDatabase.eval("getSequenceValue(&#39;people_id&#39;)"), "Name": "Allen", "Age": "25",
              "Address": "Texas", "Salary": "15000.00"},
             {"_id": mongoDatabase.eval("getSequenceValue(&#39;people_id&#39;)"), "Name": "Teddy", "Age": "23",
              "Address": "Norway", "Salary": "20000.00"},
             {"_id": mongoDatabase.eval("getSequenceValue(&#39;people_id&#39;)"), "Name": "Mark", "Age": "25",
              "Address": "Rich-Mond", "Salary": "65000.00"},
             {"_id": mongoDatabase.eval("getSequenceValue(&#39;people_id&#39;)"), "Name": "David", "Age": "27",
              "Address": "Texas", "Salary": "85000.00"},
             {"_id": mongoDatabase.eval("getSequenceValue(&#39;people_id&#39;)"), "Name": "Kim", "Age": "22",
              "Address": "South-Hall", "Salary": "45000.00"},
             {"_id": mongoDatabase.eval("getSequenceValue(&#39;people_id&#39;)"), "Name": "James", "Age": "24",
              "Address": "Houston", "Salary": "10000.00"}, ])
    for row in mongoCollection.find():
        print("-" * 50)  # 输出50个-,作为分界线
        print("%-10s %s" % ("_id", int(row[&#39;_id&#39;])))  # 字段名固定10位宽度,并且左对齐
        print("%-10s %s" % ("name", row[&#39;Name&#39;]))
        print("%-10s %s" % ("age", row[&#39;Age&#39;]))
        print("%-10s %s" % ("address", row[&#39;Address&#39;]))
        print("%-10s %s" % ("salary", row[&#39;Salary&#39;]))
except pymongo.errors.PyMongoError as e:
    print("mongo Error:", e)
    traceback.print_exc()

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5.Connect to Redis

5.1Using redis

import redis
r = redis.Redis(host=&#39;localhost&#39;, port=6379, db=0, password="12345")
print("connect", r.ping())
# 看信息
info = r.info()
# or 查看部分信息
# info = r.info("Server")
# 输出信息
items = info.items()
for i, (key, value) in enumerate(items):
    print("item %s----%s:%s" % (i, key, value))
# 删除键和对应的值
r.delete("company")
# 可以一次性push一条或多条数据
r.rpush("company", {"id": 1, "Name": "Paul", "Age": "32", "Address": "California", "Salary": "20000.00"},
        {"id": 2, "Name": "Allen", "Age": "25", "Address": "Texas", "Salary": "15000.00"},
        {"id": 3, "Name": "Teddy", "Age": "23", "Address": "Norway", "Salary": "20000.00"})
r.rpush("company", {"id": 4, "Name": "Mark", "Age": "25", "Address": "Rich-Mond", "Salary": "65000.00"})
r.rpush("company", {"id": 5, "Name": "David", "Age": "27", "Address": "Texas", "Salary": "85000.00"})
r.rpush("company", {"id": 6, "Name": "Kim", "Age": "22", "Address": "South-Hall", "Salary": "45000.00"})
r.rpush("company", {"id": 7, "Name": "James", "Age": "24", "Address": "Houston", "Salary": "10000.00"})
# eval用来将dict格式的字符串转换成dict
for row in map(lambda x: eval(x), r.lrange("company", 0, r.llen("company"))):
    print("-" * 50)  # 输出50个-,作为分界线
    print("%-10s %s" % ("_id", row[&#39;id&#39;]))  # 字段名固定10位宽度,并且左对齐
    print("%-10s %s" % ("name", row[&#39;Name&#39;]))
    print("%-10s %s" % ("age", row[&#39;Age&#39;]))
    print("%-10s %s" % ("address", row[&#39;Address&#39;]))
    print("%-10s %s" % ("salary", row[&#39;Salary&#39;]))
# 关闭当前连接
# r.shutdown() #这个是关闭redis服务端

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5.2Using pyredis

import pyredis
r = pyredis.Client(host=&#39;localhost&#39;, port=6379, database=0, password="12345")
print("connect", r.ping().decode("utf-8"))
# 看信息
# info = r.execute("info").decode()
# or 查看部分信息
info = r.execute("info", "Server").decode()
# 输出信息
print(info)
# 删除键和对应的值
r.delete("company")
# 可以一次性push一条或多条数据
r.rpush("company", &#39;&#39;&#39;{"id": 1, "Name": "Paul", "Age": "32", "Address": "California", "Salary": "20000.00"}&#39;&#39;&#39;,
        &#39;&#39;&#39;{"id": 2, "Name": "Allen", "Age": "25", "Address": "Texas", "Salary": "15000.00"}&#39;&#39;&#39;,
        &#39;&#39;&#39;{"id": 3, "Name": "Teddy", "Age": "23", "Address": "Norway", "Salary": "20000.00"}&#39;&#39;&#39;)
r.rpush("company", &#39;&#39;&#39;{"id": 4, "Name": "Mark", "Age": "25", "Address": "Rich-Mond", "Salary": "65000.00"}&#39;&#39;&#39;)
r.rpush("company", &#39;&#39;&#39;{"id": 5, "Name": "David", "Age": "27", "Address": "Texas", "Salary": "85000.00"}&#39;&#39;&#39;)
r.rpush("company", &#39;&#39;&#39;{"id": 6, "Name": "Kim", "Age": "22", "Address": "South-Hall", "Salary": "45000.00"}&#39;&#39;&#39;)
r.rpush("company", &#39;&#39;&#39;{"id": 7, "Name": "James", "Age": "24", "Address": "Houston", "Salary": "10000.00"}&#39;&#39;&#39;)
# eval用来将dict格式的字符串转换成dict
for row in map(lambda x: eval(x), r.lrange("company", 0, r.llen("company"))):
    print("-" * 50)  # 输出50个-,作为分界线
    print("%-10s %s" % ("_id", row[&#39;id&#39;]))  # 字段名固定10位宽度,并且左对齐
    print("%-10s %s" % ("name", row[&#39;Name&#39;]))
    print("%-10s %s" % ("age", row[&#39;Age&#39;]))
    print("%-10s %s" % ("address", row[&#39;Address&#39;]))
    print("%-10s %s" % ("salary", row[&#39;Salary&#39;]))
# 关闭当前连接
r.close()

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