Use dynamic sql statements in mysql stored procedures

Usage of each keyword in a simple stored procedure:

CREATE DEFINER = CURRENT_USER PROCEDURE `NewProc`(in _xnb varchar(50))
BEGIN
	## 定义变量
	DECLARE _num FLOAT(14,6) DEFAULT 0;
	## @表示全局变量 相当于php $
	## 拼接赋值 INTO 必须要用全局变量不然语句会报错
    ## //CONCAT会把'SELECT SUM('和_xnb和') INTO @tnum FROM btc_user_coin'拼接起来,CONCAT的各个参数中间以","号分割
	SET @strsql = CONCAT('SELECT SUM(',_xnb,') INTO @tnum FROM btc_user_coin');
	## 预处理需要执行的动态SQL，其中stmt是一个变量
	PREPARE stmt FROM @strsql;  
	## 执行SQL语句
	EXECUTE stmt;  
	## 释放掉预处理段
	deallocate prepare stmt;
	## 赋值给定义的变量
	SET _num = @tnum;
	SELECT _num
END;;

Mysql Use dynamic sql statements in stored procedures

After Mysql 5.0, dynamic sql statements are supported. We can get the values ​​we want by passing different parameters

Here are two types of dynamic sql in stored procedures

1.set sql = (preprocessed sql statement, you can use concat Spliced ​​statements)

set @sql = sql

PREPARE stmt_name FROM @sql;

EXECUTE stmt_name;

　{DEALLOCATE | DROP} PREPARE stmt_name;

过程过程示例:

CREATE DEFINER = `root`@`%` PROCEDURE `NewProc`(IN `USER_ID` varchar(36),IN `USER_NAME` varchar(36))BEGIN

      declare SQL_FOR_SELECT varchar(500); -- 定义预处理sql语句

      set SQL_FOR_SELECT = CONCAT("select * from  user  where user_id = '",USER_ID,"' and user_name = '",USER_NAME,"'");   -- 拼接查询sql语句

      set @sql = SQL_FOR_SELECT;      PREPARE stmt FROM @sql;       -- 预处理动态sql语句
      EXECUTE stmt ;                -- 执行sql语句
      deallocate prepare stmt;      -- 释放prepareEND;

上述是一个简单的查询用户表的存储过程，当我们调用此存储过程，可以根据传入不同的参数获得不同的值。

但是：上述存储过程中，我们必须在拼接sql语句之前把USER_ID,USER_NAME定义好，而且在拼接sql语句之后，我们无法改变USER_ID,USER_NAME的值，如下：

CREATE DEFINER = `root`@`%` PROCEDURE `NewProc`(IN `USER_ID` varchar(36),IN `USER_NAME` varchar(36))BEGIN

       declare SQL_FOR_SELECT varchar(500);  -- 定义预处理sql语句

       set SQL_FOR_SELECT = CONCAT("select * from user where user_id = '",USER_ID,"' and user_name = '",USER_NAME,"'");   -- 拼接查询sql语句

       set @sql = SQL_FOR_SELECT;       PREPARE stmt FROM @sql;        -- 预处理动态sql语句
       EXECUTE stmt ;                 -- 执行sql语句
       deallocate prepare stmt;       -- 释放prepare


       set USER_ID = '2'; -- 主动指定参数USER_ID的值
       set USER_NAME = 'lisi';       set @sql = SQL_FOR_SELECT;       PREPARE stmt FROM @sql;       -- 预处理动态sql语句
       EXECUTE stmt ;                -- 执行sql语句
       deallocate prepare stmt;      -- 释放prepareEND;

　我们用call aa('1','zhangsan');来调用该存储过程，第一次动态执行，我们得到了‘张三’的信息，然后我们在第14,15行将USER_ID，USER_NAME改为lisi，我们希望得到李四的相关信息，可查出来的结果依旧是张三的信息，说明我们在拼接sql语句后，不能再改变参数了。

为了解决这种问题，下面介绍第二中方式：

2.set sql = （预处理的sql语句，可以是用concat拼接的语句，参数用 ？代替）

　set @sql = sql

　PREPARE stmt_name FROM @sql;

set @var_name = xxx;

##　

EXECUTE stmt_name USING [ USING @var_name [, @var_name] ...];

{DEALLOCATE | DROP} PREPARE

stmt _name;

We can change the above code to:

CREATE DEFINER = `root`@`%` PROCEDURE `NewProc`(IN `USER_ID` varchar(36),IN `USER_NAME`
varchar(36))BEGIN
                     SQL_FOR_SELECT VARCHAR (500);-Define the pre-processing SQL statement

stet SQL_FOR_SELECT = "Select*from user where user_id =? And user_name =?";
# set @sql = sql_FOR_SELECT;
Prepare Stmt from @sql;-Pre-processing dynamic SQL statement

stet@Parm1 = User_id; ;

EXECUTE stmt USING @parm1, @parm2; --Execute sql statement
deallocate prepare stmt; --Release prepare

set @sql = SQL_F OR_SELECT;
PREPARE stmt FROM @sql;                                                                                                                                                                                       
# EXECUTE stmt USING @parm1 , @parm2; --Execute sql statement
deallocate prepare stmt; --Release prepare
END;


In this way, we can actually use different parameters (of course You can use dynamic sql by generating different parameters through logic in the stored procedure).

A few notes:

• 　存储动态SQL的值的变量不能是自定义变量，必须是用户变量或者全局变量   如：set sql = 'xxx';  prepare stmt from sql;是错的，正确为： set @sql = 'xxx';  prepare stmt from @sql;

•    即使 preparable_stmt 语句中的 ? 所代表的是一个字符串，你也不需要将 ? 用引号包含起来。

•   如果动态语句中用到了 in ,正常写法应该这样：select * from table_name t where t.field1 in (1,2,3,4,...);

•   则sql语句应该这样写：set @sql = "select * from user where user_id in (?,?,?) "   

因为有可能我不确定in语句里有几个参数，所以我试过这么写 

set @sql = "select * from user where user_id in (?) "  

然后参数我传的是  "'1','2','3'"  我以为程序会将我的动态sql解析出来（select * from user where user_id in ('1','2','3')） 但是并没有解析出来，在写存储过程in里面的列表用个传入参数代入的时候，就需要用到如下方式：

1.使用find_in_set函数

select * from table_name t where find_in_set(t.field1,'1,2,3,4');

2.还可以比较笨实的方法，就是组装字符串，然后执行

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS photography.Proc_Test;
CREATE PROCEDURE photography.`Proc_Test`(param1 varchar(1000))
BEGIN
set @id = param1;
set @sel = 'select * from access_record t where t.ID in (';
set @sel_2 = ')';
set @sentence = concat(@sel,@id,@sel_2); -- 连接字符串生成要执行的SQL语句
prepare stmt from @sentence; -- 预编释一下。 “stmt”预编释变量的名称，
execute stmt; -- 执行SQL语句
deallocate prepare stmt; -- 释放资源
END;

The above is the detailed content of Use dynamic sql statements in mysql stored procedures. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!