Home Web Front-end HTML Tutorial 第 29 章 CSS3 弹性伸缩布局[下] - 水之原

第 29 章 CSS3 弹性伸缩布局[下] - 水之原

May 20, 2016 pm 01:49 PM

学习要点:

1.新版本

 

主讲教师:李炎恢

 

本章主要探讨 HTML5 中 CSS3 提供的用来实现未来响应式弹性伸缩布局方案,这里做一个初步的了解。

 

一.新版本

新版本的 Flexbox 模型是 2012 年 9 月提出的工作草案,这个草案是由 W3C 推出的最新语法。这个版本立志于指定标准,让新式的浏览器全面兼容,在未来浏览器的更新换代中实现了统一。

首先,设置伸缩盒的 display 有如下两个属性值:

属性值

说明

flex

将容器盒模型作为块级弹性伸缩盒显示(新版本)

inline-flex

将容器盒模型作为内联级弹性伸缩盒显示(新版本)

//大部分不需要前缀

<span style="color: #800000;">div </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
    display</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> flex</span>;
}
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属性

IE

Firefox

Chrome

Opera

Safari

带前缀

21 ~ 28

7.0

不带前缀

11+

20+

29+

12.1

 从这张表可以看出,只有 webkit 引擎的浏览器 Chrome 和 Safari 的版本需要添加-webkit-,而 Chrome 浏览器 29 版本以后可以省略了。

1.flex-direction

flex-direction 属性和旧版本 box-orient 属性一样,都是设置伸缩项目的排列方式。

//设置从上往下排列 

<span style="color: #800000;">div </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
    flex-direction</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> column</span>;
}
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属性值

说明

row

设置从左到右排列

row-reverse

设置从右到左排列

column

设置从上到下排列

column-reverse

设置从下到上排列

2.flex-wrap

flex-wrap 属性类似与旧版本中的 box-lines,但是 box-lines 我们没有讲解,原因是没有浏览器支持它。

//设置无法容纳时,自动换行 

<span style="color: #800000;">div </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
    -ms-flex-wrap</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> wrap</span>;
}
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属性值

说明

nowrap

默认值,都在一行或一列显示

wrap

伸缩项目无法容纳时,自动换行

wrap-reverse

伸缩项目无法容纳时,自动换行,方向和 wrap 相反

3.flex-flow

flex-flow 属性是集合了排列方向和控制换行的简写形式。

//简写形式

<span style="color: #800000;">div </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
    flex-flow</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> row wrap</span>;
}
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4.justify-content

justify-content 属性和旧版本中的 box-pack 一样,设置伸缩项目的对其方式。

//按照中心点对齐 

<span style="color: #800000;">div </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
    justify-content</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> space-around</span>;
}
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属性值

说明

flex-start

伸缩项目以起始点靠齐

flex-end

伸缩项目以结束点靠齐

center

伸缩项目以中心点靠齐

space-between

伸缩项目平局分布

space-around

同上,但两端保留一半的空间

5.align-items

align-items 属性和旧版本中的 box-align 一样,处理伸缩项目容器的额外空间。

//处理额外空间 

<span style="color: #800000;">div </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
    align-itmes</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> center</span>;
}
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属性值

说明

flex-start

伸缩项目以顶部为基准,清理下部额外空间

flex-end

伸缩项目以底部为基准,清理上部额外空间

center

伸缩项目以中部为基准,平均清理上下部额外空间

baseline

伸缩项目以基线为基准,清理额外的空间

stretch

伸缩项目填充整个容器,默认

6.align-self

align-self 和 align-items 一样,都是清理额外空间,但它是单独设置某一个伸缩项目的。所有的值和 align-itmes 一致。

//单独设置清理额外空间

<span style="color: #800000;">p:nth-child(2) </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
    align-self</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> center</span>;
}
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7.flex

flex 属性和旧版本中的 box-flex 类似,用来控制伸缩容器的比例分配。

//设置比例分配 

<span style="color: #800000;">p:nth-child(1) </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
    flex</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 1</span>;
}<span style="color: #800000;">

p:nth-child(2) </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
    flex</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 3</span>;
}<span style="color: #800000;">

p:nth-child(3) </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
    flex</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 1</span>;
}
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8.order

order 属性和 box-ordinal-group 属性一样控制伸缩项目出现的顺序。

//设置伸缩项目顺序

<span style="color: #800000;">p:nth-child(1) </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
    order</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 2</span>;
}<span style="color: #800000;">

p:nth-child(2) </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
    order</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 3</span>;
}<span style="color: #800000;">

p:nth-child(3) </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
    order</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 1</span>;
}
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