How to format output in python

Use % formatted output:

Integer output:

%o —— oct octal
%d —— dec decimal
%x —— hex hexadecimal

>>> print('%o' % 20)
24
>>> print('%d' % 20)
20
>>> print('%x' % 20)
14

Floating point output:

%f ——Retain six significant digits after the decimal point, %.3f, retain 3 decimal places Digits
%e - Retain six significant digits after the decimal point, output in exponential form, %.3e, retain 3 decimal places, use scientific notation
%g - Under the premise of ensuring six significant digits , use decimal mode, otherwise use scientific notation, %.3g, retain 3 significant digits, use decimal or scientific notation

>>> print('%f' % 1.11)  # 默认保留6位小数
1.110000
>>> print('%.1f' % 1.11)  # 取1位小数
1.1
>>> print('%e' % 1.11)  # 默认6位小数，用科学计数法
1.110000e+00
>>> print('%.3e' % 1.11)  # 取3位小数，用科学计数法
1.110e+00
>>> print('%g' % 1111.1111)  # 默认6位有效数字
1111.11
>>> print('%.7g' % 1111.1111)  # 取7位有效数字
1111.111
>>> print('%.2g' % 1111.1111)  # 取2位有效数字，自动转换为科学计数法
1.1e+03

String output:

%s
s——right-aligned, placeholder 10 digits
%-10s——left-justified, placeholder 10 digits
%.2s——interception of 2-digit string
.2s— —10-digit placeholder, intercept two-digit string

>>> print('%s' % 'hello world')  # 字符串输出
hello world
>>> print('%20s' % 'hello world')  # 右对齐，取20位，不够则补位
         hello world
>>> print('%-20s' % 'hello world')  # 左对齐，取20位，不够则补位
hello world         
>>> print('%.2s' % 'hello world')  # 取2位
he
>>> print('%10.2s' % 'hello world')  # 右对齐，取2位
        he
>>> print('%-10.2s' % 'hello world')  # 左对齐，取2位
he

Use the format function

Compared with the basic formatted output using the '%' method, the format() function is more powerful. This function The string is treated as a template, formatted through the passed parameters, and curly brackets '{}' are used as special characters instead of '%'

1, without number, that is, "{}"

2. With numeric numbers, the order can be changed, that is, "{1}", "{2}"

3. With keywords, that is, "{a}", "{tom}"

>>> print('{} {}'.format('hello','world'))  # 不带字段
hello world
>>> print('{0} {1}'.format('hello','world'))  # 带数字编号
hello world
>>> print('{0} {1} {0}'.format('hello','world'))  # 打乱顺序
hello world hello
>>> print('{1} {1} {0}'.format('hello','world'))
world world hello
>>> print('{a} {tom} {a}'.format(tom='hello',a='world'))  # 带关键字
world hello world

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