Home Web Front-end HTML Tutorial 第 16 章 CSS 盒模型[上] - 水之原

第 16 章 CSS 盒模型[上] - 水之原

May 20, 2016 pm 04:49 PM

学习要点:

1.元素尺寸

2.元素内边距

3.元素外边距

4.处理溢出

 

主讲教师:李炎恢

 

本章主要探讨 HTML5 中 CSS 盒模型,学习怎样了解元素的外观配置以及文档的整体布局。

 

一.元素尺寸

CSS 盒模型中最基础的就是设置一个元素的尺寸大小。有三组样式来配置一个元素的尺寸大小,样式表如下

属性

说明

CSS 版本

width

auto、长度值或百分比

设置元素的宽度

1

height

auto、长度值或百分比

设置元素的高度

1

min-width

auto、长度值或百分比

设置元素最小宽度

2

min-height

auto、长度值或百分比

设置元素最小高度

2

max-width

auto、长度值或百分比

设置元素最大宽度

2

max-height

auto、长度值或百分比

设置元素最大高度

2

 

//设置元素尺寸

<span style="color: #800000;">div </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
    width</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 200px</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;">
    height</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 200px</span>;
}
Copy after login

解释:设置元素的固定尺寸。

 

//限制元素尺寸 

<span style="color: #800000;">div </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
    min-width</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 100px</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;">
    min-height</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 100px</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;">
    max-width</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 300px</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;">
    max-height</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 300px</span>;
}
Copy after login

解释:这一组主要是应对可能动态产生元素尺寸变大变小的问题,从而限制它最大和最小的值。

 

//auto 自适应 

<span style="color: #800000;">div </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
    width</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> auto</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;">
    height</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> auto</span>;
}
Copy after login

解释:auto 是默认值,width 在 auto 下是 100%的值;height 在 auto 下是自适应。

 

//百分比方式

<span style="color: #800000;">#a </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
    background</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> silver</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;">
    width</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 200px</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;">
    height</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 200px</span>;
}<span style="color: #800000;">

#b </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
    background</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> gray</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;">
    width</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 80%</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;">
    height</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 80%</span>;
}
Copy after login
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">id</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="a"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">id</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="b"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">
        我是 html5
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span></span>
Copy after login

解释:百分比就是相对于父元素长度来衡定的。

 

二.元素内边距

CSS 盒模型中可以设置元素内部边缘填充空白的大小,我们成为内边距。样式表如下:

属性

说明

CSS 版本

padding-top

长度值或百分比

设置顶部内边距

1

padding-bottom

长度值或百分比

设置底部内边距

1

padding-left

长度值或百分比

设置左边内边距

1

padding-right

长度值或百分比

设置右边内边距

1

padding

1 ~ 4 个长度值或百分比

简写属性

1

 

//设置四个内边距 

<span style="color: #800000;">div </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
    padding-top</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 10px</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;">
    padding-bottom</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 10px</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;">
    padding-left</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 10px</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;">
    padding-right</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 10px</span>;
}
Copy after login

 

//简写形式,分别为上 10px、右 10px、下 10px、左 10px

<span style="color: #800000;">div </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
    padding</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 10px 10px 10px 10px</span>;
}
Copy after login

 

//简写形式,分别为上 10px,左右 50px,下 200px

<span style="color: #800000;">div </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
    padding</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 10px 50px 200px</span>;
}
Copy after login

 

//简写形式,分别是上下 10px,左右 20px

<span style="color: #800000;">div </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
    padding</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 10px 20px</span>;
}
Copy after login

 

//简写形式:上下左右均 10px

<span style="color: #800000;">div </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
    padding</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 10px</span>;
}
Copy after login

 

三.元素外边距

CSS 盒模型中可以设置元素外部边缘填充空白的大小,我们成为外边距。样式表如下:

属性

说明

CSS 版本

margin-top

长度值或百分比

设置顶部内边距

1

margin-bottom

长度值或百分比

设置底部内边距

1

margin-left

长度值或百分比

设置左边内边距

1

margin-right

长度值或百分比

设置右边内边距

1

margin

1 ~ 4 长度值或百分比

简写属性

1

 

//设置四个内边距 

<span style="color: #800000;">div </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
    margin-top</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 10px</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;">
    margin-bottom</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 10px</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;">
    margin-left</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 10px</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;">
    margin-right</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 10px</span>;
}
Copy after login

 

//简写形式,分别为上 10px、右 10px、下 10px、左 10px

<span style="color: #800000;">div </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
    margin</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 10px 10px 10px 10px</span>;
}
Copy after login

 

//简写形式,分别为上 10px,左右 50px,下 200px

<span style="color: #800000;">div </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
    margin</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 10px 50px 200px</span>;
}
Copy after login

 

//简写形式,分别是上下 10px,左边 20px

<span style="color: #800000;">div </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
    margin</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 10px 20px</span>;
}
Copy after login

 

//简写形式:上下左右均 10px

<span style="color: #800000;">div </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
    margin</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 10px</span>;
}
Copy after login

 

四.处理溢出

当设置了元素固定尺寸且内容过大时,就会出现溢出的问题。溢出主要朝两个方向:右侧和底部。我们可以通过 overflow 系列样式来控制它。

 

 溢出处理主要有四种处理值:

 

//设置溢出为 auto 值 

<span style="color: #800000;">div </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
    overflow-x</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> auto</span>;
}
Copy after login
Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator

AI Hentai Generator

Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

R.E.P.O. Energy Crystals Explained and What They Do (Yellow Crystal)
2 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
Hello Kitty Island Adventure: How To Get Giant Seeds
1 months ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
Two Point Museum: All Exhibits And Where To Find Them
1 months ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

What is the purpose of the <datalist> element? What is the purpose of the <datalist> element? Mar 21, 2025 pm 12:33 PM

The article discusses the HTML &lt;datalist&gt; element, which enhances forms by providing autocomplete suggestions, improving user experience and reducing errors.Character count: 159

How do I use HTML5 form validation attributes to validate user input? How do I use HTML5 form validation attributes to validate user input? Mar 17, 2025 pm 12:27 PM

The article discusses using HTML5 form validation attributes like required, pattern, min, max, and length limits to validate user input directly in the browser.

What is the purpose of the <iframe> tag? What are the security considerations when using it? What is the purpose of the <iframe> tag? What are the security considerations when using it? Mar 20, 2025 pm 06:05 PM

The article discusses the &lt;iframe&gt; tag's purpose in embedding external content into webpages, its common uses, security risks, and alternatives like object tags and APIs.

What is the purpose of the <progress> element? What is the purpose of the <progress> element? Mar 21, 2025 pm 12:34 PM

The article discusses the HTML &lt;progress&gt; element, its purpose, styling, and differences from the &lt;meter&gt; element. The main focus is on using &lt;progress&gt; for task completion and &lt;meter&gt; for stati

What is the purpose of the <meter> element? What is the purpose of the <meter> element? Mar 21, 2025 pm 12:35 PM

The article discusses the HTML &lt;meter&gt; element, used for displaying scalar or fractional values within a range, and its common applications in web development. It differentiates &lt;meter&gt; from &lt;progress&gt; and ex

What are the best practices for cross-browser compatibility in HTML5? What are the best practices for cross-browser compatibility in HTML5? Mar 17, 2025 pm 12:20 PM

Article discusses best practices for ensuring HTML5 cross-browser compatibility, focusing on feature detection, progressive enhancement, and testing methods.

What is the viewport meta tag? Why is it important for responsive design? What is the viewport meta tag? Why is it important for responsive design? Mar 20, 2025 pm 05:56 PM

The article discusses the viewport meta tag, essential for responsive web design on mobile devices. It explains how proper use ensures optimal content scaling and user interaction, while misuse can lead to design and accessibility issues.

How do I use the HTML5 <time> element to represent dates and times semantically? How do I use the HTML5 <time> element to represent dates and times semantically? Mar 12, 2025 pm 04:05 PM

This article explains the HTML5 &lt;time&gt; element for semantic date/time representation. It emphasizes the importance of the datetime attribute for machine readability (ISO 8601 format) alongside human-readable text, boosting accessibilit

See all articles