// 方法1 implode ( string $glue , array $pieces ) : string // 方法2 implode ( array $pieces ) : string
$pieces = [ 123, ',是一个', 'number!', ]; $str1 = implode($pieces); $str2 = implode('', $pieces); var_dump($str1, $str2); /* string(20) "123,是一个number!" string(20) "123,是一个number!" */
PHP_FUNCTION(implode)
It can be found that this function is defined at line 1288 in the
\ext\standard\string.c file.
if (arg2 == NULL) { if (Z_TYPE_P(arg1) != IS_ARRAY) { php_error_docref(NULL, E_WARNING, "Argument must be an array"); return; } glue = ZSTR_EMPTY_ALLOC(); tmp_glue = NULL; pieces = arg1; } else { if (Z_TYPE_P(arg1) == IS_ARRAY) { glue = zval_get_tmp_string(arg2, &tmp_glue); pieces = arg1; } else if (Z_TYPE_P(arg2) == IS_ARRAY) { glue = zval_get_tmp_string(arg1, &tmp_glue); pieces = arg2; } else { php_error_docref(NULL, E_WARNING, "Invalid arguments passed"); return; } }
arg2 == NULL
, it mainly involves some processing of the parameters php_implode(glue, pieces, return_value);
answer
by searching on Google for return_value in the PHP source code. PHP_FUNCTION(implode)
. The definition of PHP_FUNCTION is: #define PHP_FUNCTION ZEND_FUNCTION // 对应的 ZEND_FUNCTION 定义如下 #define ZEND_FUNCTION(name) ZEND_NAMED_FUNCTION(ZEND_FN(name)) // 对应的 ZEND_NAMED_FUNCTION 定义如下 #define ZEND_NAMED_FUNCTION(name) void ZEND_FASTCALL name(INTERNAL_FUNCTION_PARAMETERS) // 对应的 ZEND_FN 定义如下 #define ZEND_FN(name) zif_##name // 对应的 ZEND_FASTCALL 定义如下 # define ZEND_FASTCALL __attribute__((fastcall))
void zif_implode(int ht, zval *return_value, zval **return_value_ptr, zval *this_ptr, int return_value_used TSRMLS_DC)
ALLOCA_FLAG(use_heap)
is used to identify them. If you apply for memory, you apply for heap memorynumelems = zend_hash_num_elements(Z_ARRVAL_P(pieces));
Get the number of units of the pieces parameter. If it is an empty array, return the empty string directly ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_VAL(Z_ARRVAL_P(zend_array), tmp) { // ... } ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_END();
In the loop, the array units are divided into three categories:
struct { zend_string *str; zend_long lval; } *strings, *ptr;
// tmp 是循环中的单元值 ptr->str = Z_STR_P(tmp); len += ZSTR_LEN(ptr->str); ptr->lval = 0; ptr++;
len += ZSTR_LEN(ptr->str);
Z_TYPE_P(tmp) == IS_LONG
。一旦知道当前的数据类型是 zend_long,则将其赋值给 ptr 的 lval 结构体成员。然后 ptr 指针后移一个单位长度。len += ZSTR_LEN(val);
的方式获取其字符长度。对于 zend_long,有什么好的方法呢?while (val) { val /= 10; len++; }
if (val <= 0) { len++; }
str = zend_string_safe_alloc(numelems - 1, ZSTR_LEN(glue), len, 0);
,用于存放单元字符串总长度加上连接字符的总长度,即 (n-1)glue + len
。因为 n 个数组单元,只需要 n-1 个 glue 字符串。然后,将这段内存的尾地址,赋值给 cptr,为什么要指向尾部呢?看下一部分,你就会明白了。ptr--;
,然后针对 ptr->str 的判断 if (EXPECTED(ptr->str))
,看了一下此处的 EXPECTED 的作用,可以参考这里。可以简单的将其理解一种汇编层面的优化,当实际执行的情况更偏向于当前条件下的分支而非 else 的分支时,就用 EXPECTED 宏将其包装起来:EXPECTED(ptr->str)
。我敢说,当你调用 implode 传递的数组中都是数字而非字符串,那么这里的 EXPECTED 作用就会失效。
cptr -= ZSTR_LEN(ptr->str); memcpy(cptr, ZSTR_VAL(ptr->str), ZSTR_LEN(ptr->str));
ptr->str
(某数组单元的值)通过 c 标准库函数 memcpy 拷贝到 cptr 内存空间中。ptr == strings
满足时,意味着 ptr 不再有可被复制的字符串/数字。因为 strings 是 ptr 所在区域的首地址。ptr->str
一样处理 glue 即可。至少源码中是这么做的。*cptr = 0
,它的作用相当于赋值空字符串。free_alloca(strings, use_heap); RETURN_NEW_STR(str);
free_alloca(strings, use_heap);
。RETURN_NEW_STR
会将最终的返回值写入 return_value 中debug/implode
,可自行下载运行,看看效果。static void su_php_implode(const zend_string *glue, zval *pieces, zval *return_value) { // 源码内容省略 }
PHP_FUNCTION(su_test) { zval tmp; zend_string *str, *glue, *tmp_glue; zval *arg1, *arg2 = NULL, *pieces; ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(1, 2) Z_PARAM_ZVAL(arg1) Z_PARAM_OPTIONAL Z_PARAM_ZVAL(arg2) ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END(); glue = zval_get_tmp_string(arg1, &tmp_glue); pieces = arg2; su_php_implode(glue, pieces, return_value); }
// t1.php $res = su_test('-', [ 2019, '01', '01', ]); var_dump($res);
string(10) "2019-01-01"
,这意味着,你已经成功编写了一个扩展函数。别急,这只是迈出了第一步,别忘记我们的目标:通过调试来学习 implode 源码。gdb php b zval_get_tmp_string r t1.php
b
即 break,表示打一个断点r
即 run,表示运行脚本s
即 step,表示一步一步调试,遇到方法调用,会进入方法内部单步调试n
即 next,表示一行一行调试。遇到方法,则调试直接略过直接执行返回,调试不会进入其内部。p
即 print,表示打印当前作用域中的一个变量r t1.php
,则会定位到第一个断点对应的行,显示如下:Breakpoint 1, zif_su_test (execute_data=0x7ffff1a1d0c0, return_value=0x7ffff1a1d090) at /home/www/clang/php-7.3.3/ext/su_dd/su_dd.c:179 179 glue = zval_get_tmp_string(arg1, &tmp_glue);
n
,显示如下:184 su_php_implode(glue, pieces, return_value);
glue
,pieces
,return_value
pieces
的值。先使用命令:p pieces
,此时在终端会显示类似于如下内容:$1 = (zval *) 0x7ffff1a1d120
pieces
是一个 zval 类型的指针,0x7ffff1a1d120
是其地址,当然,你运行的时候对应的也是一个地址,只不过跟我的这个会不太一样。p
去打印存储于改地址的变量内容:p *$1
,$1
可以认为是一个临时变量名,*
是取值运算符。运行完后,此时显示如下:(gdb) p *$1 $2 = {value = {lval = 140737247576960, dval = 6.9533439118030153e-310, counted = 0x7ffff1a60380, str = 0x7ffff1a60380, arr = 0x7ffff1a60380, obj = 0x7ffff1a60380, res = 0x7ffff1a60380, ref = 0x7ffff1a60380, ast = 0x7ffff1a60380, zv = 0x7ffff1a60380, ptr = 0x7ffff1a60380, ce = 0x7ffff1a60380, func = 0x7ffff1a60380, ww = {w1 = 4054188928, w2 = 32767}}, u1 = {v = {type = 7 '\a', type_flags = 1 '\001', u = { call_info = 0, extra = 0}}, type_info = 263}, u2 = {next = 0, cache_slot = 0, opline_num = 0, lineno = 0, num_args = 0, fe_pos = 0, fe_iter_idx = 0, access_flags = 0, property_guard = 0, constant_flags = 0, extra = 0}}
struct _zval_struct { zend_value value; /* value */ union { struct { ZEND_ENDIAN_LOHI_3( zend_uchar type, /* active type */ zend_uchar type_flags, union { uint16_t call_info; /* call info for EX(This) */ uint16_t extra; /* not further specified */ } u) } v; uint32_t type_info; } u1; union { uint32_t next; /* hash collision chain */ uint32_t cache_slot; /* cache slot (for RECV_INIT) */ uint32_t opline_num; /* opline number (for FAST_CALL) */ uint32_t lineno; /* line number (for ast nodes) */ uint32_t num_args; /* arguments number for EX(This) */ uint32_t fe_pos; /* foreach position */ uint32_t fe_iter_idx; /* foreach iterator index */ uint32_t access_flags; /* class constant access flags */ uint32_t property_guard; /* single property guard */ uint32_t constant_flags; /* constant flags */ uint32_t extra; /* not further specified */ } u2; };
value
,打印一下其中的内容。打印结构体成员可以使用 .
运算符,例如:p $2.value
,运行这个命令,显示如下:(gdb) p $2.value $3 = {lval = 140737247576960, dval = 6.9533439118030153e-310, counted = 0x7ffff1a60380, str = 0x7ffff1a60380, arr = 0x7ffff1a60380, obj = 0x7ffff1a60380, res = 0x7ffff1a60380, ref = 0x7ffff1a60380, ast = 0x7ffff1a60380, zv = 0x7ffff1a60380, ptr = 0x7ffff1a60380, ce = 0x7ffff1a60380, func = 0x7ffff1a60380, ww = {w1 = 4054188928, w2 = 32767}}
typedef union _zend_value { zend_long lval; /* long value */ double dval; /* double value */ zend_refcounted *counted; zend_string *str; zend_array *arr; zend_object *obj; zend_resource *res; zend_reference *ref; zend_ast_ref *ast; zval *zv; void *ptr; zend_class_entry *ce; zend_function *func; struct { uint32_t w1; uint32_t w2; } ww; } zend_value;
*arr
成员,它外表看起来就是一个指针,因此打印其内容,需要使用 *
运算符(gdb) p *$3.arr $4 = {gc = {refcount = 2, u = {type_info = 23}}, u = {v = {flags = 28 '\034', _unused = 0 '\000', nIteratorsCount = 0 '\000', _unused2 = 0 '\000'}, flags = 28}, nTableMask = 4294967294, arData = 0x7ffff1a67648, nNumUsed = 3, nNumOfElements = 3, nTableSize = 8, nInternalPointer = 0, nNextFreeElement = 3, pDestructor = 0x555555b6e200 <zval_ptr_dtor>}
*arr
的类型是 zend_array:struct _zend_array { zend_refcounted_h gc; union { struct { ZEND_ENDIAN_LOHI_4( zend_uchar flags, zend_uchar _unused, zend_uchar nIteratorsCount, zend_uchar _unused2) } v; uint32_t flags; } u; uint32_t nTableMask; Bucket *arData; uint32_t nNumUsed; uint32_t nNumOfElements; uint32_t nTableSize; uint32_t nInternalPointer; zend_long nNextFreeElement; dtor_func_t pDestructor; };
*arData
,使用:p *$4.arDaa
:(gdb) p *$4.arData $5 = {val = {value = {lval = 2019, dval = 9.9751853895347677e-321, counted = 0x7e3, str = 0x7e3, arr = 0x7e3, obj = 0x7e3, res = 0x7e3, ref = 0x7e3, ast = 0x7e3, zv = 0x7e3, ptr = 0x7e3, ce = 0x7e3, func = 0x7e3, ww = {w1 = 2019, w2 = 0}}, u1 = {v = {type = 4 '\004', type_flags = 0 '\000', u = {call_info = 0, extra = 0}}, type_info = 4}, u2 = {next = 0, cache_slot = 0, opline_num = 0, lineno = 0, num_args = 0, fe_pos = 0, fe_iter_idx = 0, access_flags = 0, property_guard = 0, constant_flags = 0, extra = 0}}, h = 0, key = 0x0}
lval = 2019
。$res = implode('-', [ 2019, '01', '01', [1,2] ]); var_dump($res);
PHP Notice: Array to string conversion in /path/to/t2.php on line 3 PHP Notice: Array to string conversion in /path/to/t2.php on line 3 string(16) "2019-01-01-Array"
PHPAPI void php_implode(const zend_string *glue, zval *pieces, zval *return_value) { zval *tmp; int numelems; zend_string *str; char *cptr; size_t len = 0; struct { zend_string *str; zend_long lval; } *strings, *ptr; ALLOCA_FLAG(use_heap) numelems = zend_hash_num_elements(Z_ARRVAL_P(pieces)); if (numelems == 0) { RETURN_EMPTY_STRING(); } else if (numelems == 1) { /* loop to search the first not undefined element... */ ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_VAL(Z_ARRVAL_P(pieces), tmp) { RETURN_STR(zval_get_string(tmp)); } ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_END(); } ptr = strings = do_alloca((sizeof(*strings)) * numelems, use_heap); ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_VAL(Z_ARRVAL_P(pieces), tmp) { if (EXPECTED(Z_TYPE_P(tmp) == IS_STRING)) { ptr->str = Z_STR_P(tmp); len += ZSTR_LEN(ptr->str); ptr->lval = 0; ptr++; } else if (UNEXPECTED(Z_TYPE_P(tmp) == IS_LONG)) { zend_long val = Z_LVAL_P(tmp); ptr->str = NULL; ptr->lval = val; ptr++; if (val <= 0) { len++; } while (val) { val /= 10; len++; } } else { ptr->str = zval_get_string_func(tmp); len += ZSTR_LEN(ptr->str); ptr->lval = 1; ptr++; } } ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_END(); /* numelems can not be 0, we checked above */ str = zend_string_safe_alloc(numelems - 1, ZSTR_LEN(glue), len, 0); cptr = ZSTR_VAL(str) + ZSTR_LEN(str); *cptr = 0; while (1) { ptr--; if (EXPECTED(ptr->str)) { cptr -= ZSTR_LEN(ptr->str); memcpy(cptr, ZSTR_VAL(ptr->str), ZSTR_LEN(ptr->str)); if (ptr->lval) { zend_string_release_ex(ptr->str, 0); } } else { char *oldPtr = cptr; char oldVal = *cptr; cptr = zend_print_long_to_buf(cptr, ptr->lval); *oldPtr = oldVal; } if (ptr == strings) { break; } cptr -= ZSTR_LEN(glue); memcpy(cptr, ZSTR_VAL(glue), ZSTR_LEN(glue)); } free_alloca(strings, use_heap); RETURN_NEW_STR(str); }
static void su_php_implode(const zend_string *glue, zval *pieces, zval *return_value)
ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_VAL(Z_ARRVAL_P(pieces), tmp) { if (EXPECTED(Z_TYPE_P(tmp) == IS_STRING)) { // ... } else if (UNEXPECTED(Z_TYPE_P(tmp) == IS_LONG)) { // ... } else { // ... } } ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_END();
else if (UNEXPECTED(Z_TYPE_P(tmp) == IS_ARRAY))
,其具体内容如下:ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_VAL(Z_ARRVAL_P(pieces), tmp) { if (EXPECTED(Z_TYPE_P(tmp) == IS_STRING)) { // ... } else if (UNEXPECTED(Z_TYPE_P(tmp) == IS_LONG)) { // ... } else if (UNEXPECTED(Z_TYPE_P(tmp) == IS_ARRAY)) { // 如果值是数组,则调用 php_implode,将其使用 glue 连接成字符串 cptr = ZSTR_VAL(ptr->str); zend_string* str2 = origin_php_implode(glue, tmp, tmp_val); ptr->str = str2; // 此时,要拿到拼接后的字符串长度 len += ZSTR_LEN(str2); ptr++; } else { // ... } } ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_END();
origin_php_implode
:static zend_string* origin_php_implode(const zend_string *glue, zval *pieces, zval *return_value) { zval *tmp; int numelems; zend_string *str; char *cptr; size_t len = 0; struct { zend_string *str; zend_long lval; } *strings, *ptr; ALLOCA_FLAG(use_heap) numelems = zend_hash_num_elements(Z_ARRVAL_P(pieces)); if (numelems == 0) { RETURN_EMPTY_STRING(); } else if (numelems == 1) { /* loop to search the first not undefined element... */ ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_VAL(Z_ARRVAL_P(pieces), tmp) { RETURN_STR(zval_get_string(tmp)); } ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_END(); } ptr = strings = do_alloca((sizeof(*strings)) * numelems, use_heap); ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_VAL(Z_ARRVAL_P(pieces), tmp) { if (EXPECTED(Z_TYPE_P(tmp) == IS_STRING)) { ptr->str = Z_STR_P(tmp); len += ZSTR_LEN(ptr->str); ptr->lval = 0; ptr++; } else if (UNEXPECTED(Z_TYPE_P(tmp) == IS_LONG)) { zend_long val = Z_LVAL_P(tmp); ptr->str = NULL; ptr->lval = val; ptr++; if (val <= 0) { len++; } while (val) { val /= 10; len++; } } else { ptr->str = zval_get_string_func(tmp); len += ZSTR_LEN(ptr->str); ptr->lval = 1; ptr++; } } ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_END(); /* numelems can not be 0, we checked above */ str = zend_string_safe_alloc(numelems - 1, ZSTR_LEN(glue), len, 0); cptr = ZSTR_VAL(str) + ZSTR_LEN(str); *cptr = 0; while (1) { ptr--; if (EXPECTED(ptr->str)) { cptr -= ZSTR_LEN(ptr->str); memcpy(cptr, ZSTR_VAL(ptr->str), ZSTR_LEN(ptr->str)); if (ptr->lval) { zend_string_release_ex(ptr->str, 0); } } else { char *oldPtr = cptr; char oldVal = *cptr; cptr = zend_print_long_to_buf(cptr, ptr->lval); *oldPtr = oldVal; } if (ptr == strings) { break; } cptr -= ZSTR_LEN(glue); memcpy(cptr, ZSTR_VAL(glue), ZSTR_LEN(glue)); } free_alloca(strings, use_heap); // RETURN_NEW_STR(str); return str; }
PHP_FUNCTION(su_test)
,功能实现的差不多了。我们去编译看看:./configure sudo make sudo make install
$res = su_test('-', [ 2019, '01', '01', ['1', '2',], ]); var_dump($res);
string(14) "2019-01-01-1-2"
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