Home Web Front-end HTML Tutorial 第 5 章 分组元素 - 水之原

第 5 章 分组元素 - 水之原

May 20, 2016 pm 04:50 PM

学习要点:

1.分组元素总汇

2.分组元素解析

主讲教师:李炎恢

 

本章主要探讨 HTML5 中分组元素的用法。所谓分组,就是用来组织相关内容的 HTML5 元素,清晰有效的进行归类。

一.分组元素总汇为了页面的排版需要,HTML5 提供了几种语义的分组元素。

元素名称

说明

p

表示段落

div

一个没有任何语义的通用元素,和 span 是对应元素

blockquote

表示引自他出的大段内容

pre

表示其格式应被保留的内容

hr

表示段落级别的主题转换,即水平线

ul,ol

表示无序列表,有序列表

li

用于 ul,ol 元素中的列表项

dl,dt,dd

表示包含一系列术语和定义说明的列表。dt 在 dl 内部表示术语,一般充当标题;dd 在 dl 内部表示定义,一般是内容。

figure

表示图片

figcaption

表示 figure 元素的标题

 

二.分组元素解析

1.

建立段落

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">
    这是一个段落
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">
    这也是一个段落
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span></span>
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解释:

元素实际作用就是将内部包含的文本形成一个段落;而段落和段落之间保持一定量的空隙。

 

2.

通用分组
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">
    这是一个通用分组
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">
    这是又一个通用分组
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span></span>
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解释:

元素在早期的版本中非常常用,通过
这种一般性分组元素进行布局。

而在 HTML5 中,由于语义的缘故,被其他各种文档元素所代替。和

段落的区别就是,两段文本的上下空隙是没有的,空隙间隔和
换行一样。

 

3.

引用大段他出内容
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">blockquote</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">
    这是一个大段引自他出内容
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">blockquote</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">blockquote</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">
    这是另一个大段引自他出内容
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">blockquote</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span></span>
Copy after login

解释:

元素实际作用除了和

元素一样,有段落空隙的功能,还包含了首尾缩进的功能。语义上表示,大段的引用他出的内容。

 

4.

展现格式化内容
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">pre</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">
    #####
    
        #####
    
            #####
    
        #####
    
    #####
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">pre</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span>
Copy after login

解释:

元素实际作用就是编辑器怎么排版的,原封不动的展现出来。当然,这种只适合简单的排版,复杂的排版就无法满足要求了。
<p> </p>
<p>5.</p><hr>添加分隔
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">hr</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span>
Copy after login

解释:


元素实际作用就是添加一条分割线,意图呈现上下文主题的分割。

 

6.

  • 添加无序列表
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">ul</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">
            张三
        </span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">
            李四
        </span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">
            王五
        </span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">
            马六
        </span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">ul</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span></span></span></span></span>
    Copy after login

    解释:

      元素表示无序列表,而
    • 元素则是内部的列表项。

       

      7.

      1. 添加有序列表
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">ol</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
            <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">
                张三
            </span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
            <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">
                李四
            </span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
            <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">
                王五
            </span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
            <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">
                马六
            </span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">ol</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span></span></span></span></span>
        Copy after login

        解释:

          元素表示有序列表,而
        1. 元素则是内部的列表项。
            元素目前支持三种属性

 

ol 元素属性

属性名称

说明

start

从第几个序列开始统计:

reversed

是否倒序排列:

    ,一半主流浏览器不支持

type

表示列表的编号类型,值分别为:1、a、A、i、I

 

li 元素属性

属性名称

说明

value

强行设置某个项目的编号。

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">li </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">value</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="7"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>王五<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span>
Copy after login

 

8.

生成说明列表
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">dl</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">dt</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">
        这是一份文件
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">dt</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">dd</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">
        这里是这份文件的详细内容 1
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">dd</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">dd</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">
        这里是这份文件的详细内容 2
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">dd</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">dl</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span></span></span></span>
Copy after login

解释:这三个元素是一个整体,但

并非都必须出现。

 

9.

使用插图 

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">figure</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">figcaption</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">
        这是一张图
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">figcaption</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">img </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">src</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="img.png"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">figure</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span></span></span>
Copy after login

解释:这两个元素一般用于图片的布局。

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