How to install python egg
Students who are often exposed to Python may notice that when they need to install a third-party python package, the easy_install command may be used. easy_install is a command included in the setuptools package developed by PEAK (Python Enterprise Application Kit). It is used to install the egg package. The egg package is currently the most popular way to package and deploy Python applications.
How to make and install egg package? I will briefly analyze it below.
1.1 Install setuptools
First, install the setuptools tool. You can directly use apt installation under Debian/Ubuntu: :
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If you install it manually, there are two ways:
Install through the boot program ez_setup.py. This boot program will download the latest version of setuptools from the Internet for installation, and can also update the local setuptools.
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Update setuptools::
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Or download the egg package of setuptools to install. The latest version download can be viewed here. After downloading, install it through sh.
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Now you can use the easy_install command to install other egg packages.
1.2 Make your own egg package
I always install other people’s egg packages, do you also want to make your own egg package? Okay, next we will make a simple egg bag ourselves. First, create the project directory egg-demo and initialize a setup.py file:
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The following is mainly to fill in setup.py. setup.py is actually the configuration file of the python tool package distutils, and setuptools is based on distutils. Configure packaging information through the setup function in setup.py. First, we need to introduce the function setup of setuptools. The setup of setuptools is actually the setup function of distutils. Fill in setup.py with the following content:
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At this point, an empty egg configuration file is written. We can use the following command to generate the egg package:
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Let’s take a look at what is generated:
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You can see three more folders. Under the dist folder, there is an egg file: UNKNOWN-0.0.0-py2.6.egg. Egg laying successful! Let’s first take a look at the format of this egg file:
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Oh, it turns out to be a zip compressed package! Okay, let’s take a look at the internal structure:
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There is only one EGG-INFO folder, containing five egg information files, which is gone. The name of this egg is unknown, version 0.0.0. This is because we haven't set anything in the setup. Obviously, this egg can't do anything. Now add some ingredients to it. In setup.py, the setup function receives a series of properties as configuration parameters.
name name is the name of the egg package and the name of the folder to be packaged. The default is UNKNOWN.
version version number, default 0.0.0
packages Another function of setuptools, find_packages, is used here. As the name suggests, find_packages is used to package files in the specified directory.
zip_safe The default is False, so that the contents of the project file will be checked every time the egg package is generated to ensure that it is correct.
There are also some descriptive attributes, such as description, long_description, author, author_email, license, keywords, platform, url, etc. Fill in the setup.py file as follows: :
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Create a directory demo with the same name as the above name in the egg-demo directory, and write the __init__.py file in the demo directory:
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Generate again After the egg package, check the egg package information:
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You can see that there is an additional folder demo, which contains the __init__.py we wrote. Adhering to the agile principle, install it first and experience it before saying:
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OK! Installation completed! Next we can use it directly through import!
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Successful output! This means the installation is correct. One of our egg bags was born. Normally, our source programs are placed in the src directory, so next we move the demo folder to src. But this also requires modifying the setup.py file, modifying the parameter in the find_packages function to 'src', and adding the package_dir parameter:
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This tells setuptools to look for packages in the src directory instead of the original default project root directory. .
1.3 Egg file uninstallation
Taking the python2.6 version as an example, the egg file is generally installed in the /usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/ directory. There is also an easy-install.pth file used to store the installed egg information. :
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Uninstalling the egg file is very simple, first delete the line containing this egg from easy-install.pth, and then delete the egg folder.
Related recommendations: "Python Tutorial"
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