详解Bootstrap导航组件 - 洛水三千-HTML Tutorial-php.cn

在bootstrap框架中将导航独立出来成为一个导航组件，根据不同的版本，可以找到相应的源码：

LESS: navs.less

SASS: _navs.scss

标签形导航，也称选项卡导航

标签形导航是通过.nav-tabs样式来实现的，在制作标签形导航时需要在原导航类名为.nav的容器上追加类名.nav-tabs

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">ul </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="nav nav-tabs"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">><span style="color: #800000;">a </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">href</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="#"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>导航标题1<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">a</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">><span style="color: #800000;">a </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">href</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="#"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>导航标题2<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">a</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">><span style="color: #800000;">a </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">href</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="#"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>导航标题3<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">a</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">><span style="color: #800000;">a </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">href</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="#"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>导航标题4<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">a</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">><span style="color: #800000;">a </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">href</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="#"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>导航标题5<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">a</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">ul</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>

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原理：

将菜单项li按块显示，并让它们排列在同一水平上，然后定义非高亮菜单的样式和鼠标悬浮效果

<span style="color: #800000;">.nav-tabs </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
border-bottom</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 1px solid #ddd</span>;
}<span style="color: #800000;">
.nav-tabs > li </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
float</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> left</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;">
margin-bottom</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> -1px</span>;
}<span style="color: #800000;">
.nav-tabs > li > a </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
margin-right</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 2px</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;">
line-height</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 1.42857143</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;">
border</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 1px solid transparent</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;">
border-radius</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 4px 4px 0 0</span>;
}<span style="color: #800000;">
.nav-tabs > li >a:hover </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
border-color</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> #eee #eee #ddd</span>;
}

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一般情况下，选项卡都会有个当前选中项，只需要在其（li）标签上添加类名.active即可

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">ul </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="nav nav-tabs"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">li </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="active"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">><span style="color: #800000;">a </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">href</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="#"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>导航标题1<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">a</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">><span style="color: #800000;">a </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">href</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="#"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>导航标题2<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">a</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">><span style="color: #800000;">a </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">href</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="#"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>导航标题3<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">a</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">><span style="color: #800000;">a </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">href</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="#"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>导航标题4<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">a</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">><span style="color: #800000;">a </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">href</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="#"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>导航标题5<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">a</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">ul</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>

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<span style="color: #800000;">.nav-tabs >li.active> a,
.nav-tabs >li.active>a:hover,
.nav-tabs >li.active>a:focus </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
  color</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> #555</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;">
  cursor</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> default</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;">
  background-color</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> #fff</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;">
  border</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 1px solid #ddd</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;">
  border-bottom-color</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> transparent</span>;
}

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除了当前选项外，有的选项卡还带有禁用状态，实现这样的效果，只需在标签项上添加类名disabled

<span style="color: #800000;">.nav>li.disabled> a </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
  color</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> #999</span>;
}<span style="color: #800000;">
.nav>li.disabled>a:hover,
.nav>li.disabled>a:focus </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
  color</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> #999</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;">
  text-decoration</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> none</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;">
  cursor</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> not-allowed</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;">
  background-color</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> transparent</span>;
}

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如果要实现点击菜单项就可以切换内容的效果，就需要配合js插件

胶囊形（pills）导航

当前高亮显示，并带圆角效果，其实现方法和选项卡导航类似，同样的结构，只需将类名.nav-tabs换成类名.nav-pills

<span style="color: #800000;">.nav-pills > li </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
  float</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> left</span>;
}<span style="color: #800000;">
.nav-pills > li > a </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
  border-radius</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 4px</span>;
}<span style="color: #800000;">
.nav-pills > li + li </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
  margin-left</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 2px</span>;
}<span style="color: #800000;">
.nav-pills >li.active> a,
.nav-pills >li.active>a:hover,
.nav-pills >li.active>a:focus </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
color</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> #fff</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;">
  background-color</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> #428bca</span>;
}

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垂直堆叠的导航

除了水平导航，还有垂直导航，制作垂直堆叠的导航只需在.nav-pills的基础上追加类名.nav-stacked

与胶囊形导航相比，主要是让导航项不浮动，让其垂直排列，然后给相邻导航项留有一定的间距

<span style="color: #800000;">.nav-stacked > li </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
  float</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> none</span>;
}<span style="color: #800000;">
.nav-stacked > li + li </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
  margin-top</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 2px</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;">
  margin-left</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 0</span>;
}

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<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">ul </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="nav nav-pills nav-stacked"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">><span style="color: #800000;">a </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">href</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="#"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>导航标题0<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">a</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">li </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="active"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">><span style="color: #800000;">a </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">href</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="#"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>导航标题1<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">a</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">><span style="color: #800000;">a </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">href</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="#"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>导航标题2<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">a</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">><span style="color: #800000;">a </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">href</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="#"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>导航标题3<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">a</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">><span style="color: #800000;">a </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">href</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="#"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>导航标题4<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">a</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">li </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="disabled"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">><span style="color: #800000;">a </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">href</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="#"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>导航标题5<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">a</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>

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<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">ul</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

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垂直堆叠导航像下拉菜单组与组间有一分割线一样，导航项之间也有分割线这样的效果，只需在导航项之间添加

ul class="nav nav-pills nav-stacked">
        li >a href="#">导航标题0a>li>
        li class="active">a href="#">导航标题1a>li>
        li>a href="#">导航标题2a>li>
        li class="nav-divider">li>
        li>a href="#">导航标题3a>li>
        li>a href="#">导航标题4a>li>
        li class="disabled">a href="#">导航标题5a>li>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">ul</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

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<span style="color: #800000;">.nav .nav-divider </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
height</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 1px</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;">
margin</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 9px 0</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;">
overflow</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> hidden</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;">
background-color</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> #e5e5e5</span>;
}

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自适应导航

自适应导航指的是导航占据容器全部宽度，而且菜单项可以像表格的单元格一样自适应宽度，自适应导航和之前提到的.btn-group-justified制作的自适应按钮组件一样，不过在制作自适应导航时类名.nav-justified需和.nav-tabs或.nav-pills配合一起使用

原理：

列表ul上设置宽度为100%，然后每个菜单项li设置了display：table-cell，让列表模拟表格单元格的形式显示；

<span style="color: #800000;">.nav-justified </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
  width</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 100%</span>;
}<span style="color: #800000;">
.nav-justified > li </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
  float</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> none</span>;
}<span style="color: #800000;">
.nav-justified > li > a </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
  margin-bottom</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 5px</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;">
  text-align</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> center</span>;
}<span style="color: #800000;">
.nav-justified > .dropdown .dropdown-menu </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
  top</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> auto</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;">
  left</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> auto</span>;
}<span style="color: #800000;">
@media (min-width: 768px) </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
  .nav-justified > li {
  display</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> table-cell</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;">
  width</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 1%</span>;
  }<span style="color: #800000;">
  .nav-justified > li > a </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
  margin-bottom</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 0</span>;
  }<span style="color: #800000;">
}</span>

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上面有一个媒体查询条件：@media（min-width:768px）{……}表示自适应导航仅在浏览器视窗宽度大于768px才能按上面的风格显示，但浏览器视窗宽度小于768px时，会按下图的风格显示

.nav-tabs和.nav-justified配合在一起使用，也就是自适应选项卡导航，浏览器视窗宽度小于768px时，在样式上做了另外的处理

<span style="color: #800000;">.nav-tabs.nav-justified </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
 width</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 100%</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;">
 border-bottom</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 0</span>;
}<span style="color: #800000;">
.nav-tabs.nav-justified > li </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
 float</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> none</span>;
}<span style="color: #800000;">
.nav-tabs.nav-justified > li > a </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
 margin-bottom</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 5px</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;">
 text-align</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> center</span>;
}<span style="color: #800000;">
.nav-tabs.nav-justified > .dropdown .dropdown-menu </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
 top</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> auto</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;">
 left</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> auto</span>;
}<span style="color: #800000;">
@media (min-width: 768px) </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
 .nav-tabs.nav-justified > li {
 display</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> table-cell</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;">
 width</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 1%</span>;
  }<span style="color: #800000;">
.nav-tabs.nav-justified > li > a </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
 margin-bottom</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 0</span>;
  }<span style="color: #800000;">
}
.nav-tabs.nav-justified > li > a </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
 margin-right</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 0</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;">
 border-radius</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 4px</span>;
}<span style="color: #800000;">
.nav-tabs.nav-justified > .active > a,
.nav-tabs.nav-justified > .active >a:hover,
.nav-tabs.nav-justified > .active >a:focus </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
 border</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 1px solid #ddd</span>;
}<span style="color: #800000;">
@media (min-width: 768px) </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
 .nav-tabs.nav-justified > li > a {
 border-bottom</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 1px solid #ddd</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;">
 border-radius</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 4px 4px 0 0</span>;
  }<span style="color: #800000;">
.nav-tabs.nav-justified > .active > a,
.nav-tabs.nav-justified > .active >a:hover,
.nav-tabs.nav-justified > .active >a:focus </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
 border-bottom-color</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> #fff</span>;
  }<span style="color: #800000;">
}</span>

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导航加下拉菜单（二级导航）

制做二级导航只需将li当做父容器，使用类名.dropdown，同时在li中嵌套另一个ul列表

ul class="nav nav-tabs">
        li>a href="#">导航菜单1a>li>
        li>a href="#">导航菜单2a>li>
        li>a href="#">导航菜单3a>li>
        li>a href="#">导航菜单4a>li>
        li class="dropdown">
            a class="dropdown-toggle"data-toggle="dropdown">
                导航菜单5
                span class="caret">span>
            a>
            ul class="dropdown-menu">
                li>a href="#">下拉菜单1a>li>
                li>a href="#">下拉菜单2a>li>
                li>a href="#">下拉菜单3a>li>
                li>a href="#">下拉菜单4a>li>
            <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">ul</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        li>
        li>a href="#">导航菜单6a>li>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">ul</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>

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面包屑式导航

面包屑一般用于导航，主要的作用是告诉用户现在所处页面的位置，在bootstrap框架中面包屑也是一个独立的模块组件。

LESS: breadcrumbs.less

SASS:_breadcrumbs.scss

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">ol </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="breadcrumb"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">><span style="color: #800000;">a </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">href</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="#"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>首页<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">a</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">><span style="color: #800000;">a </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">href</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="#"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>我的书<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">a</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">li </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="active"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>图解css<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">ol</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>

Copy after login

<span style="color: #800000;">.breadcrumb </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
padding</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 8px 15px</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;">
margin-bottom</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 20px</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;">
list-style</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> none</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;">
background-color</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> #f5f5f5</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;">
border-radius</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 4px</span>;
}<span style="color: #800000;">

.breadcrumb> li </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
display</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> inline-block</span>;
}<span style="color: #800000;">

.breadcrumb> li + li:before </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
padding</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 0 5px</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;">
color</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> #ccc</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;">
content</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> "/\00a0"</span>;
}<span style="color: #800000;">

.breadcrumb> .active </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">
color</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> #999</span>;
}

Copy after login

上面使用li+li：before实现li与li之间的分隔符，这种方案在低版本ie不支持