The key components that affect the performance of a computer are

Central Processing Unit (CPU, Central Processing Unit) is a very large-scale integrated circuit and is the computing core (Core) and control core (Control Unit) of a computer.

Its main function is to interpret computer instructions and process data in computer software. (Recommended learning: PHP video tutorial)

The central processing unit mainly includes arithmetic unit (arithmetic logic unit, ALU, Arithmetic Logic Unit), controller and high-speed Buffer memory (Cache) and the bus (Bus) that implement data, control and status between them. It, together with internal memory (Memory) and input/output (I/O) devices, are collectively known as the three core components of electronic computers.

Physical structure

CPU includes operation logic components, register components and control components.

Logic components

English Logic components; operation logic components. Fixed-point or floating-point arithmetic operations, shift operations, and logical operations can be performed, as well as address operations and conversions.

Register

Register components include registers, special registers and control registers. General-purpose registers can be divided into fixed-point numbers and floating-point numbers. They are used to save register operands and intermediate (or final) operation results that are temporarily stored during instruction execution. General purpose registers are one of the important components of the CPU.

Control unit

English Control unit; the control unit is mainly responsible for decoding instructions and issuing control signals for each operation to be performed to complete each instruction. .

There are two structures: one is a micro-program control method with micro-storage as the core; the other is a control method based on a logical hard-wiring structure.

Microcode is maintained in micro storage. Each microcode corresponds to one of the most basic micro-operations, also called microinstructions. Each instruction is composed of a different sequence of microcodes. This microcode sequence constitutes a microcode. program. After the central processor decodes the instruction, it sends out a certain sequence of control signals and executes several micro-operations determined by these microcodes in a given sequence and in microcycles to complete the execution of an instruction.

Simple instructions are composed of (3 to 5) micro-operations, while complex instructions are composed of dozens or even hundreds of micro-operations.

The performance of a computer is largely determined by the performance of the CPU, and the performance of the CPU is mainly reflected in the speed at which it runs programs. Performance indicators that affect running speed include parameters such as CPU operating frequency, Cache capacity, instruction system, and logical structure.

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