Home Web Front-end HTML Tutorial Sass 基础(八) - 柠檬先生

Sass 基础(八) - 柠檬先生

May 21, 2016 am 08:42 AM

@import
      Sass 支持所有css 的@规则,以及一些Sass 专属的规则,也被称为“指令(directive)”.这些规则在Sass 中具有不同的
      功效,详细解释如下。
      @import
        Sass 扩展了CSS 的@import 规则,让它能够引入 SCSS 和 Sass
        文件。 所有引入的 SCSS 和 Sass 文件都会被合并并输出一个单一
        的 CSS 文件。 另外,被导入的文件中所定义的变量或 mixins 都可以在主文件中使用。
        @import 根据文件名引入。 默认情况下,它会寻找 Sass 文件并
        直接引入, 但是,在少数几种情况下,它会被编译成 CSS 的 @import 规则:
        如果文件的扩展名师 .css
        如果文件名以 http:// 开头
        如果文件名师url().
        如果@import 包含了任何媒体查询(media queries)
        如果上述情况都没有出现,并且扩展名是 .scss 或 .sass, 该名称的 Sass 或 SCSS 文件就会被引入。 如果没有扩展名, Sass 将试
        着找出具有 .scss 或 .sass 扩展名的同名文件并将其引入。 例如:
        @import "foo.scss";
        或
        @import "foo";
        两者都将引入foo.scss文件,而
        @import "foo.css"
        @import "foo" screen
        @import "http://foo.com/bar";
        @import url(foo);
        将被编译为:
        @import "foo.css";
        @import "foo" screen;
        @import "http://foo.com/bar";
        @import url(foo);
      也可以通过一个 @import 引入多个文件。例如:
      将引入 rounded-corners 和text-shadow 两个文件。

      编译为一个 CSS 文件, 这时,你就可以在文件名前面加一个下划
      线,就能避免被编译。 这将告诉 Sass 不要把它编译成 CSS 文件。
      然后,你就可以像往常一样引入这个文件了,而且还可以省略掉文
      如果你有一个 SCSS 或 Sass 文件需要引入, 但是你又不希望它被件名前面的下划线。

      例如,你有一个文件叫做 _colors.scss。 这样就不会生成 _colors.css 文件了, 而且你还可以这样做:
      @import "colors";//不用加下划线
      来引入 _colors.scss 文件。
      注意,在同一个目录不能同时存在带下划线和不带下划线的同名文件。 例如, _colors.scss 不能与 colors.scss 并存。

      嵌套 @import

        虽然大部分时间只需要在顶层文件使用 @import 就行了,但是,你还可以把他们包含在css 规则和@media 规则中。
        然后这样引用:
          #main {
            @import "example";
        }
        编译出来的 CSS:
          #main .example {
              color: red;
        }
@media
    Sass 中的 @media 指令和 CSS 的使用规则一样的简单,但它有另
    外一个功能,可以嵌套在 CSS 规则中。有点类似 JS 的冒泡功能一
    个简单示例:
    .siderbar{
        width:300px;
        @media screen and (orientation: landscape){
        width:500px;
        }
    }
    编译出来;
      .sidebar{
          width:300px;
      }
    @media screen and ( orientation : landscape){
    .sidebar{
      width:500px;
      }
    }
    @media 也可以嵌套@media:
    @media screen{
        .sidebar{
          @media (orientation: landscape){
            width:500px;
            }
        }
    }
    在使用@media 时还可以使用#{}:
    $media :screen;
    $feature:-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio;
    $value:1.5;
    @media #{$media} and ($featrue:$value){
    .sidebar{
        width:500px;
        }
      }
    编译出来的css:
      @media screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio;1.5){
        .sidebar{
            width:500px;
          }
      }
@extend
    Sass 中的@extend 是用来扩展选择器或者占位符,比如
    .error{
      border:1px #f00;
      background-color:#fdd;
      }
    .error.intrusion{
      background-image:url("/image/hacked.png");
    }
    .seriousError{
        @extend .error;
        border-width:3px;
    }
    被编译为:
      .error, .seriousError{
        border:1px #f00;
        background-color:#fdd;
      }
    .error .intrusion, .seriousError .intrusion{
        background-image: url("/image/hacked.png");
    }
    .seriousError{
        border-width:3px;
    }
    扩展选择器:
      @extend 不止扩展类选择器,还可以扩展任何选择器,比如 .special.cool, a:hover, 或 a.user[href^="http://"] 例如
      .hoverlink{
          @extend a:hover;
      }
      a:hover{
          text-decoration:underline;
      }
    编译出来:
      a:hover, .hoverlink{
        text-decoration:underline;
      }

      .hoverlink{
        @extend a:hover;
      }
      .comment a.user:hover{
          font-weight:bold;
      }
    编译出来的CSS
      .comment a.user:hover, .comment
        .user .hoverlink{
          font-weight:bold;
    }
      多个扩展
      所设某个样式要继承多个地方的样式,那么可以使用@extend 来继承的多个选择器或者占位符的样式,如:
      .error{
        border:1px #f00;
        background-color:#fdd;
      }
      .attention{
        font-size:3em;
        background-color:#ff0;
      }
    .seriousError{
        @extend .error;
        @extend .attention;
        border-width:3px;
    }
    编译出来的css
      .error, seriousError{
          border-width:3px;
      }
    扩展单一选择器
      前面我们知道 %placeholder 不使用@extend显示调用是不会生成
      任何样式代码。那么在选择器中使用占位符一样。比如下面的代码
      #context a%extreme{
          color:blue;
          font-weight:bold;
          font-size:2em;
      }
    这段代码在不调用之前不产生任何代码,只有能过@extend调用之后才生成代码:
    .notice{
      @extend %extreme;
    }
    编译出来的CSS
      #context a.nontice{
        color:blue;
        font-weight:bold;
        font-size:2em;
      }
@at-root
    @at-root 从字面上解释就是跳出跟元素。当你选择器嵌套多层之
    后,想让某个选择器跳出,此时就可以使用 @at-root。来看一个
    简单的示例:
    .a{
      color:red;
      .b{
        color:orange;
      .c{
        color:yellow;
    @at-root .d{
      color:green;
          }
        }
      }
    }
  编译出来的css
    .a{
      color:red;
    }
  .a .b{
    color:orange;
    }
  .a .b .c{
    color:yellow;
  }
  .d{
    color;green;
  }
@debug
    @debug 在 Sass 中是用来调试的,当你的在 Sass 的源码中使用了
    @debug 指令之后,Sass 代码在编译出错时,在命令终端会输出你设置的提示 Bug:
    @debug 10em +12em;
    会输出:
      Line 1 EEBUG: 22em
@warn
    @warn 和 @debug 功能类似,用来帮助我们更好的调试 Sass。如:
    @mixin adjust-location($x,$y){
    @if unitless($x){
      @warn "Assuming #{$x} to be in pixels";
      $x: 1px *$x;
    }
    @if unitless($y){
      @warn "Assuming #{$y} to be in pixels"
        $y: 1px *$y:
      }
      position:relative; left:$x; top:$y;
    }
@error
    @error 和@warn,@debug 功能是如出一辙。
    @mixin error($x){
        @if $x         width:$x * 10px;
    }@else if $x == 10{
      width:$x;
    }@else{
      @error "你需要将#{$x}值设置在10以内的数";
      }
    }
  .texst{
      @include error(15);
  }
  编译的时候:
  你需要将15 值设置在10 以内的数 on line 7 at column5

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