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A daily javascript learning summary (Array array)_javascript skills

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Release: 2016-05-16 15:32:44
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1. Common methods of arrays

var colors = ["red", "blue", "green"];  //creates an array with three strings
    alert(colors.toString());  //red,blue,green
    alert(colors.valueOf());   //red,blue,green
    alert(colors);        //red,blue,green
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2. Array map() method

var numbers = [1,2,3,4,5,4,3,2,1];
    
    var mapResult = numbers.map(function(item, index, array){
      //item 数组元素 index元素对应索引 array原数组
      console.log(array === numbers);//true
      return item * 2;
    });
    console.log(mapResult);  //[2,4,6,8,10,8,6,4,2]
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3. Array reduce() method

 var values = [1,2,3,4,5];
     //接收一个函数,然后从左到右遍历item,直到reduce到一个值。
    var sum = values.reduce(function(prev, cur, index, array){
      console.log(array === values);
      console.log(index);//1,2,3,4 数组的索引从1开始
      return prev + cur;//前后两个值相加
    });
    alert(sum);//15
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4. Array concat() method

//concat() 方法用于连接两个或多个数组。
    //该方法不会改变现有的数组,而仅仅会返回被连接数组的一个副本。
    //语法
    //arrayObject.concat(arrayX,arrayX,......,arrayX)
    var colors = ["red", "green", "blue"];
    var colors2 = colors.concat("yellow", ["black", "brown"]);
    
    alert(colors);   //red,green,blue    
    alert(colors2);  //red,green,blue,yellow,black,brown
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5. Array length length

 var colors = new Array(3);   //create an array with three items
    var names = new Array("Greg"); //create an array with one item, the string "Greg"

    alert(colors.length);//3
    alert(names.length);//1

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 var colors = ["red", "blue", "green"]; //creates an array with three strings
    var names = [];            //creates an empty array
    var values = [1,2,];          //AVOID! Creates an array with 2 or 3 items
    var options = [,,,,,];         //AVOID! creates an array with 5 or 6 items
    
    alert(colors.length);  //3
    alert(names.length);   //0
    alert(values.length);  //2 (FF, Safari, Opera) or 3 (IE)
    alert(options.length);  //5 (FF, Safari, Opera) or 6 (IE)

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var colors = ["red", "blue", "green"];  //creates an array with three strings
    colors.length = 2;
    alert(colors[2]);    //undefined
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var colors = ["red", "blue", "green"];  //creates an array with three strings
    colors.length = 4;
    alert(colors[3]);    //undefined

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 var colors = ["red", "blue", "green"];  //creates an array with three strings
    colors[colors.length] = "black";     //add a color
    colors[colors.length] = "brown";     //add another color

    alert(colors.length);  //5
    alert(colors[3]);    //black
    alert(colors[4]);    //brown

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var colors = ["red", "blue", "green"];  //creates an array with three strings
    colors[99] = "black";           //add a color (position 99)
    alert(colors.length); //100
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6. Array methods every and some

//every()与some()方法都是JS中数组的迭代方法。
    //every()是对数组中的每一项运行给定函数,如果该函数对每一项返回true,则返回true。
    //some()是对数组中每一项运行指定函数,如果该函数对任一项返回true,则返回true。
    var numbers = [1,2,3,4,5,4,3,2,1];
    
    var everyResult = numbers.every(function(item, index, array){
      return (item > 2);
    });
    
    alert(everyResult);    //false
    
    var someResult = numbers.some(function(item, index, array){
      return (item > 2);
    });
    
    alert(someResult);    //true
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7. Array filter() method

//从数组中找到适合条件的元素(比如说大于某一个元素的值)
    var numbers = [1,2,3,4,5,4,3,2,1];
    
    var filterResult = numbers.filter(function(item, index, array){
      return (item > 2);
    });
    
    alert(filterResult);  //[3,4,5,4,3]
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8. Array indexOf and lastIndexOf

//indexOf() 方法可返回某个指定的字符串值在字符串中首次出现的位置。
    //语法
    //stringObject.indexOf(searchvalue,fromindex)
    //searchvalue  必需。规定需检索的字符串值。
    //fromindex  可选的整数参数。规定在字符串中开始检索的位置。它的合法取值是 0 到 stringObject.length - 1。如省略该参数,则将从字符串的首字符开始检索。
    
   /*
    lastIndexOf() 方法可返回一个指定的字符串值最后出现的位置,在一个字符串中的指定位置从后向前搜索。
    语法
    stringObject.lastIndexOf(searchvalue,fromindex)
    searchvalue  必需。规定需检索的字符串值。
    fromindex  可选的整数参数。规定在字符串中开始检索的位置。它的合法取值是 0 到 stringObject.length - 1。如省略该参数,则将从字符串的最后一个字符处开始检索。
   */
    var numbers = [1,2,3,4,5,4,3,2,1];
    
    alert(numbers.indexOf(4));    //3
    alert(numbers.lastIndexOf(4));  //5
    
    alert(numbers.indexOf(4, 4));   //5
    alert(numbers.lastIndexOf(4, 4)); //3    

    var person = { name: "Nicholas" };
    var people = [{ name: "Nicholas" }];
    var morePeople = [person];
    
    alert(people.indexOf(person));   //-1
    alert(morePeople.indexOf(person)); //0

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9. Arrays toLocaleString and toString

 var person1 = {
      toLocaleString : function () {
        return "Nikolaos";
      },
      
      toString : function() {
        return "Nicholas";
      }
    };
    
    var person2 = {
      toLocaleString : function () {
        return "Grigorios";
      },
      
      toString : function() {
        return "Greg";
      }
    };
    
    var people = [person1, person2];
    alert(people);           //Nicholas,Greg
    alert(people.toString());      //Nicholas,Greg
    alert(people.toLocaleString());   //Nikolaos,Grigorios
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10. Array push and pop methods

var colors = new Array();           //create an array
    var count = colors.push("red", "green");    //push two items
    alert(count); //2
    
    count = colors.push("black");         //push another item on
    alert(count); //3
    
    var item = colors.pop();            //get the last item
    alert(item);  //"black"
    alert(colors.length); //2
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11. Array methods unshift and shift

//unshift() 方法可向数组的开头添加一个或更多元素,并返回新的长度。
    //shift() 方法用于把数组的第一个元素从其中删除,并返回第一个元素的值。
    var colors = new Array();           //create an array
    var count = colors.unshift("red", "green");  //push two items
    alert(count); //2
    
    count = colors.unshift("black");        //push another item on
    alert(count); //3
    
    var item = colors.pop();           //get the first item
    alert(item);  //"green"
    alert(colors.length); //2
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12. Array reverse order method reverse

 var values = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
    values.reverse();
    alert(values);    //5,4,3,2,1
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13. Array sorting method sort

function compare(value1, value2) {
      if (value1 < value2) {
        return -1;
      } else if (value1 > value2) {
        return 1;
      } else {
        return 0;
      }
    }
    
    var values = [0, 1, 16, 10, 15];
    values.sort(compare);
    alert(values);  //0,1,10,15,16
    //sort 改变原数组
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14. Array method slice

/*
      slice() 方法可从已有的数组中返回选定的元素。
      语法
      arrayObject.slice(start,end)
      start  必需。规定从何处开始选取。如果是负数,那么它规定从数组尾部开始算起的位置。也就是说,-1 指最后一个元素,-2 指倒数第二个元素,以此类推。
      end    可选。规定从何处结束选取。该参数是数组片断结束处的数组下标。如果没有指定该参数,那么切分的数组包含从 start 到数组结束的所有元素。如果这个参数是负数,那么它规定的是从数组尾部开始算起的元素。
      返回值
      返回一个新的数组,包含从 start 到 end (不包括该元素)的 arrayObject 中的元素。
    */
    var colors = ["red", "green", "blue", "yellow", "purple"];
    var colors2 = colors.slice(1);
    var colors3 = colors.slice(1,4);
    
    alert(colors2);  //green,blue,yellow,purple
    alert(colors3);  //green,blue,yellow
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15. Array method splice

/*
      plice() 方法向/从数组中添加/删除项目,然后返回被删除的项目。
      注释:该方法会改变原始数组。
      语法
      arrayObject.splice(index,howmany,item1,.....,itemX)
      index  必需。整数,规定添加/删除项目的位置,使用负数可从数组结尾处规定位置。
      howmany  必需。要删除的项目数量。如果设置为 0,则不会删除项目。
      item1, ..., itemX  可选。向数组添加的新项目。
    */
    var colors = ["red", "green", "blue"];
    var removed = colors.splice(0,1);       //remove the first item
    alert(colors);   //green,blue
    alert(removed);  //red - one item array
    
    removed = colors.splice(1, 0, "yellow", "orange"); //insert two items at position 1
    alert(colors);   //green,yellow,orange,blue
    alert(removed);  //empty array

    removed = colors.splice(1, 1, "red", "purple");  //insert two values, remove one
    alert(colors);   //green,red,purple,orange,blue
    alert(removed);  //yellow - one item array

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16. Array isArray() method

alert(Array.isArray([]));  //true
    alert(Array.isArray({}));  //false
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The above is today’s summary of JavaScript learning, and it will continue to be updated every day. I hope you will continue to pay attention.

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