oracle database basic statements
oracle数据库基本语句
一、Oracle数据库操作
1、创建数据库
create database databasename
2、删除数据库
drop database dbname
3、备份数据库
完全备份
exp demo/demo@orcl buffer=1024 file=d:\back.dmp full=y
demo:用户名、密码
buffer: 缓存大小
file: 具体的备份文件地址
full: 是否导出全部文件
ignore: 忽略错误,如果表已经存在,则也是覆盖
将数据库中system用户与sys用户的表导出
exp demo/demo@orcl file=d:\backup\1.dmp owner=(system,sys)
导出指定的表
exp demo/demo@orcl file=d:\backup2.dmp tables=(teachers,students)
按过滤条件,导出
exp demo/demo@orcl file=d:\back.dmp tables=(table1) query=\" where filed1 like 'fg%'\"
导出时可以进行压缩;命令后面 加上 compress=y ;如果需要日志,后面: log=d:\log.txt
备份远程服务器的数据库
exp 用户名/密码@远程的IP:端口/实例 file=存放的位置:\文件名称.dmp full=y
4、数据库还原
打开cmd直接执行如下命令,不用再登陆sqlplus。
完整还原
imp demo/demo@orcl file=d:\back.dmp full=y ignore=y log=D:\implog.txt
指定log很重要,便于分析错误进行补救。
导入指定表
imp demo/demo@orcl file=d:\backup2.dmp tables=(teachers,students)
还原到远程服务器
imp 用户名/密码@远程的IP:端口/实例 file=存放的位置:\文件名称.dmp full=y
二、Oracle表操作
1、创建表
create table tabname(col1 type1 [not null] [primary key],col2 type2 [not null],..)
根据已有的表创建新表:
A:select * into table_new from table_old (使用旧表创建新表) B:create table tab_new as select col1,col2… from tab_old definition only<仅适用于Oracle>
2、删除表
drop table tabname
3、重命名表
alter table 表名 rename to 新表名
4、增加字段
alter table 表名 add (字段名 字段类型 默认值 是否为空); 例:alter table tablename add (ID int);
5、修改字段
alter table 表名 modify (字段名 字段类型 默认值 是否为空);
6、重名字段
alter table 表名 rename column 列名 to 新列名 (其中:column是关键字)
7、删除字段
说明:
alter table 表名 drop column 字段名;
8、添加主键
alter table tabname add primary key(col)
9、删除主键
alter table tabname drop primary key(col)
10、创建索引
create [unique] index idxname on tabname(col….)
11、删除索引
drop index idxname
注:索引是不可更改的,想更改必须删除重新建。
12、创建视图
create view viewname as select statement
13、删除视图
drop view viewname
三、Oracle操作数据
1、数据查询
select <列名> from <表名> [where <查询条件表达试>] [order by <排序的列名>[asc或desc]]
2、插入数据
insert into 表名 values(所有列的值); insert into test values(1,'zhangsan',20); insert into 表名(列) values(对应的值); insert into test(id,name) values(2,'lisi');
3、更新数据
update 表 set 列=新的值 [where 条件] -->更新满足条件的记录 update test set name='zhangsan2' where name='zhangsan' update 表 set 列=新的值 -->更新所有的数据 update test set age =20;
4、删除数据
delete from 表名 where 条件 -->删除满足条件的记录 delete from test where id = 1; delete from test -->删除所有 commit; -->提交数据 rollback; -->回滚数据 delete方式可以恢复删除的数据,但是提交了,就没办法了 delete删除的时候,会记录日志 -->删除会很慢很慢 truncate table 表名 删除所有数据,不会影响表结构,不会记录日志,数据不能恢复 -->删除很快 drop table 表名 删除所有数据,包括表结构一并删除,不会记录日志,数据不能恢复-->删除很快
5、数据复制
表数据复制
insert into table1 (select * from table2);
复制表结构
create table table1 select * from table2 where 1>1;
复制表结构和数据
create table table1 select * from table2;
复制指定字段
create table table1 as select id, name from table2 where 1>1;
四、数据库复制命令
不同的数据库语法不同(SQL Server和Oracle为例),且复制包括目标表已存在和目标表不存在的情况,分别回答:
SQL Server中,如果目标表存在:
insert into 目标表select*from原表;
SQL Server中,,如果目标表不存在:
select*into 目标表from原表;(复制表结构和数据) select*from 目标表from原表where1=0(只复制表结构)
Oracle中,如果目标表存在:
insert into 目标表select*from原表; commit;
Oracle中,如果目标表不存在:
create table 目标表 as select * from 原表 where 1=0(只复制表结构) create table 目标表 as select * from 原表;复制表结构和数据
推荐教程:Oracle教程
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