PHP core features namespace
提出
在命名空间提出之前,不同的组件很容易碰到命名的冲突,例如 Request 、Response 等常见的命名。PHP 在 5.3 后提出了命名空间用来解决组件之间的命名冲突问题,主要参考了文件系统的设计:
同一个目录下不允许有相同的文件名 - 同一个命名空间下不允许有相同的类;
不同的目录可以有同名文件 - 不同的命名空间可以有相同的类;
定义
使用 namespace 关键字来定义一个命名空间。其中,顶层命名空间通常为厂商名,不同开发者的厂商命名空间是唯一的。命名空间不需要与文件目录一一对应,但是最好遵守 PSR-4 规范。
<?php namespace Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation; class Request { }
命名空间必须在所有代码之前声明,唯一的例外就是 declare 关键字。
<?php declare(strict_types=1); namespace App;
命名空间内可包含任意 PHP 代码,但是仅对类 (包括抽象类和 Trait)、接口、函数和常量这四种类型生效。
<?php namespace MyProject; const CONNECT_OK = 1; class FOO {} interface Foo{} function foo() {}
使用
使用 use 关键字来引入命名空间
<?php namespace App; use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request; use Foo\Bar; class Test { public function run() { $bar = new Bar(); } }
定义和使用推荐遵循 PSR-2 的规范
namespace 之后必须存在一个空行;
所有 use 声明必须位于 namespace 声明之后;
每条 use 声明必须只有一个 use 关键字。
use 语句块之后必须存在一个空行。
当 use 引入的类出现同名时,可使用 as 来定义别名
<?php namespace App; use Foo\Bar as BaseBar; class Bar extends BaseBar { }
限定符
除了使用 use 外,还可以直接使用 \ 限定符来进行解析,规则很简单:如果含有 \ 前缀则代表从全局命名空间开始解析,否则则代表从当前命名空间开始解析。
<?php namespace App; \Foo\Bar\foo(); // 解析成 \Foo\Bar\foo(); Foo\Bar\foo(); // 解析成 App\Foo\Bar\foo();
此规则也适用于函数、常量等
$a = \strlen('hi'); // 调用全局函数 strlen $b = \INI_ALL; // 访问全局常量 INI_ALL $c = new \Exception('error'); // 实例化全局类 Exception
有两个需要特别注意的地方:
对于函数和常量而言,如果当前命名空间不存在,则会自动去全局命名空间去寻找,因此可省略 \ 前缀。对于类而言,如果当前命名空间解析不到,不会去全局空间寻找,因此,不可省略 \
$a = strlen('hi'); $b = INI_ALL; $c = new Exception('error'); // 错误 $c = new \Exception('error'); // 正确
当动态调用命名空间时,该命名空间始终会被当成是全局命名空间,因此可以省略前缀 \
$class1 = 'Foo\Bar'; $object1 = new $class1; // 始终被解析成 \Foo\Bar
在内部访问命名空间
PHP 支持两种抽象的访问当前命名空间内部元素的方法,__NAMESPACE__ 魔术常量和 namespace 关键字。
__NAMESPACE__ 常量的值是包含当前命名空间名称的字符串,如果是在全局命名空间,则返回空字符串。
<?php namespace MyProject; function get($classname) { $a = __NAMESPACE__ . '\\' . $classname; return new $a; }
关键字 namespace 可用来显式访问当前命名空间或子命名空间中的元素。它等价于类中的 self 操作符
namespace App; use blah\blah as mine; blah\mine(); // App\blah\mine() namespace\blah\mine(); // App\blah\mine() namespace\func(); // App\func() namespace\sub\func(); // App\sub\func() namespace\cname::method(); // App\cname::method() $a = new namespace\sub\cname(); // App\sub\cname $b = namespace\CONSTANT; // App\CONSTANT
转义 \ 符号
此外,推荐对所有的 \ 进行转义,避免出现不可预期的后果
$class = "dangerous\name"; // \n 被解析成换行符 $obj = new $class; $class = 'dangerous\name'; // 正确,但是不推荐 $class = 'dangerous\\name'; // 推荐 $class = "dangerous\\name"; // 推荐
The above is the detailed content of PHP core features namespace. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics



PHP 8.4 brings several new features, security improvements, and performance improvements with healthy amounts of feature deprecations and removals. This guide explains how to install PHP 8.4 or upgrade to PHP 8.4 on Ubuntu, Debian, or their derivati

Visual Studio Code, also known as VS Code, is a free source code editor — or integrated development environment (IDE) — available for all major operating systems. With a large collection of extensions for many programming languages, VS Code can be c

If you are an experienced PHP developer, you might have the feeling that you’ve been there and done that already.You have developed a significant number of applications, debugged millions of lines of code, and tweaked a bunch of scripts to achieve op

This tutorial demonstrates how to efficiently process XML documents using PHP. XML (eXtensible Markup Language) is a versatile text-based markup language designed for both human readability and machine parsing. It's commonly used for data storage an

JWT is an open standard based on JSON, used to securely transmit information between parties, mainly for identity authentication and information exchange. 1. JWT consists of three parts: Header, Payload and Signature. 2. The working principle of JWT includes three steps: generating JWT, verifying JWT and parsing Payload. 3. When using JWT for authentication in PHP, JWT can be generated and verified, and user role and permission information can be included in advanced usage. 4. Common errors include signature verification failure, token expiration, and payload oversized. Debugging skills include using debugging tools and logging. 5. Performance optimization and best practices include using appropriate signature algorithms, setting validity periods reasonably,

A string is a sequence of characters, including letters, numbers, and symbols. This tutorial will learn how to calculate the number of vowels in a given string in PHP using different methods. The vowels in English are a, e, i, o, u, and they can be uppercase or lowercase. What is a vowel? Vowels are alphabetic characters that represent a specific pronunciation. There are five vowels in English, including uppercase and lowercase: a, e, i, o, u Example 1 Input: String = "Tutorialspoint" Output: 6 explain The vowels in the string "Tutorialspoint" are u, o, i, a, o, i. There are 6 yuan in total

Static binding (static::) implements late static binding (LSB) in PHP, allowing calling classes to be referenced in static contexts rather than defining classes. 1) The parsing process is performed at runtime, 2) Look up the call class in the inheritance relationship, 3) It may bring performance overhead.

What are the magic methods of PHP? PHP's magic methods include: 1.\_\_construct, used to initialize objects; 2.\_\_destruct, used to clean up resources; 3.\_\_call, handle non-existent method calls; 4.\_\_get, implement dynamic attribute access; 5.\_\_set, implement dynamic attribute settings. These methods are automatically called in certain situations, improving code flexibility and efficiency.
