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java what is serialization

Nov 14, 2019 pm 05:26 PM
java Serialization

java what is serialization

简要解释:

序列化就是一种用来处理对象流的机制,所谓对象流也就是将对象的内容进行流化。可以对流化后的对象进行读写操作,也可将流化后的对象传输于网络之间。

序列化是为了解决在对对象流进行读写操作时所引发的问题。序列化的实现:将需要被序列化的类实现Serializable接口,该接口没有需要实现的方法,implements Serializable只是为了标注该对象是可被序列化的,然后使用一个输出流(如:FileOutputStream)来构造一个ObjectOutputStream(对象流)对象,接着,使用ObjectOutputStream对象的writeObject(Object obj)方法就可以将参数为obj的对象写出(即保存其状态),要恢复的话则用输入流。

详细解释:

当两个进程在进行远程通信时,彼此可以发送各种类型的数据。无论是何种类型的数据,都会以二进制序列的形式在网络上传送。发送方需要把这个Java对象转换为字节序列,才能在网络上传送;接收方则需要把字节序列再恢复为Java对象。

只能将支持 java.io.Serializable 接口的对象写入流中。每个 serializable 对象的类都被编码,编码内容包括类名和类签名、对象的字段值和数组值,以及从初始对象中引用的其他所有对象的闭包。

1.概念

序列化:把Java对象转换为字节序列的过程。

反序列化:把字节序列恢复为Java对象的过程。

2.用途

对象的序列化主要有两种用途:

(1)把对象的字节序列永久地保存到硬盘上,通常存放在一个文件中;

(2)在网络上传送对象的字节序列。

3.对象序列化

序列化API

java.io.ObjectOutputStream代表对象输出流,它的writeObject(Object obj)方法可对参数指定的obj对象进行序列化,把得到的字节序列写到一个目标输出流中。只有实现了Serializable和Externalizable接口的类的对象才能被序列化。

java.io.ObjectInputStream代表对象输入流,它的readObject()方法从一个源输入流中读取字节序列,再把它们反序列化为一个对象,并将其返回。

代码示例

import java.io.*;
import java.util.Date;

public class ObjectSaver {
   public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        /*其中的  D:\\objectFile.obj 表示存放序列化对象的文件*/

        
        //序列化对象
         ObjectOutputStream out = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("D:\\objectFile.obj"));
         Customer customer = new Customer("王麻子", 24);    
         out.writeObject("你好!");    //写入字面值常量
         out.writeObject(new Date());    //写入匿名Date对象
         out.writeObject(customer);    //写入customer对象
         out.close(); 
         
         //反序列化对象
         ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("D:\\objectFile.obj"));
         System.out.println("obj1 " + (String) in.readObject());    //读取字面值常量
         System.out.println("obj2 " + (Date) in.readObject());    //读取匿名Date对象
         Customer obj3 = (Customer) in.readObject();    //读取customer对象
         System.out.println("obj3 " + obj3);
         in.close();
     }
 }
 
 class Customer implements Serializable {
     private String name;
     private int age;
     public Customer(String name, int age) {
         this.name = name;
         this.age = age;
     }
 
     public String toString() {
         return "name=" + name + ", age=" + age;
     }
 }
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执行结果:

java what is serialization

4.说明

读取对象的顺序与写入时的顺序要一致。

对象的默认序列化机制写入的内容是:对象的类,类签名,以及非瞬态和非静态字段的值。

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