Summary of Java methods to determine whether a variable is a number
java判断变量是不是数字方法:(相关视频课程推荐:java视频教程)
1、用JAVA自带的函数
public static boolean isNumeric(String str){ for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++){ System.out.println(str.charAt(i)); if (!Character.isDigit(str.charAt(i))){ return false; } } return true; }
2、用正则表达式
首先要import java.util.regex.Pattern 和 java.util.regex.Matcher
public boolean isNumeric(String str){ Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("[0-9]*"); Matcher isNum = pattern.matcher(str); if( !isNum.matches() ){ return false; } return true; }
3、使用org.apache.commons.lang
org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils; boolean isNunicodeDigits=StringUtils.isNumeric("aaa123456789"); http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/lang/api-release/index.html下面的解释: isNumeric public static boolean isNumeric(String str)Checks if the String contains only unicode digits. A decimal point is not a unicode digit and returns false. null will return false. An empty String ("") will return true. StringUtils.isNumeric(null) = false StringUtils.isNumeric("") = true StringUtils.isNumeric(" ") = false StringUtils.isNumeric("123") = true StringUtils.isNumeric("12 3") = false StringUtils.isNumeric("ab2c") = false StringUtils.isNumeric("12-3") = false StringUtils.isNumeric("12.3") = false
Parameters: str - the String to check, may be null Returns: true if only contains digits, and is non-null
上面三种方式中,第二种方式比较灵活。
第一、三种方式只能校验不含负号“-”的数字,即输入一个负数-199,输出结果将是false;
而第二方式则可以通过修改正则表达式实现校验负数,将正则表达式修改为“^-?[0-9]+”即可,修改为“-?[0-9]+.?[0-9]+”即可匹配所有数字。
如果我输入的是"a“,它能识别出来这个不是数字,该怎么写?
import java.io.* ; import java.util.* ; public class Test{ public static void main(String [] args) throws Exception{ System.out.println("请输入数字:"); BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)); String line=br.readLine(); if(line.matches("\\d+")) //正则表达式 详细见java.util.regex 类 Pattern System.out.println("数字"); else System.out.println("非数字"); } }
("\d")是数字0-9 ("\\d+")是什么意思?
正则表达式用两个斜杠表示一个斜杠,后面跟着一个加号表示出现一次或多次,完整的意思就是整个字符串中仅包含一个或多个数字。
4、判断ASCII码值
public static boolean isNumeric0(String str){ for(int i=str.length();--i>=0;){ int chr=str.charAt(i); if(chr<48 || chr>57) return false; } return true; }
5、逐个判断str中的字符是否是0-9
public static boolean isNumeric3(String str){ final String number = "0123456789"; for(int i = 0;i if(number.indexOf(str.charAt(i)) == -1){ return false; } } return true; }
6、捕获NumberFormatException异常
public static boolean isNumeric00(String str){ try{ Integer.parseInt(str); return true; }catch(NumberFormatException e){ System.out.println("异常:\"" + str + "\"不是数字/整数..."); return false; } }
ps:不提倡使用方法6,原因如下:
1、NumberFormatException是用来处理异常的,最好不要用来控制流程的。
2、虽然捕捉一次异常很容易,但是创建一次异常会消耗很多的系统资源,因为它要给整个结构作一个快照。
看一下JDK源码:
public static long parseLong(String s,int radix) throws NumberFormatException { if(s == null){ throw new NumberFormatException("null"); } if(radix < Character.MIN_RADIX){ throw new NumberFormatException("radix " + radix + " less than Character.MIN_RADIX"); } if(radix > Character.MAX_RADIX){ throw new NumberFormatException("radix " + radix + " greater than Character.MAX_RADIX"); } long result = 0; boolean negative = false; int i = 0,max = s.length(); long limit; long multmin; int digit; if(max > 0){ if(s.charAt(0) == '-'){ negative = true; limit = Long.MIN_VALUE; i++; }else{ limit = -Long.MAX_VALUE; } multmin = limit / radix; if(i < max){ digit = Character.digit(s.charAt(i++),radix); if(digit < 0){ throw new NumberFormatException(s); }else{ result = -digit; } } while(i < max){ // Accumulating negatively avoids surprises near MAX_VALUE digit = Character.digit(s.charAt(i++),radix); if(digit < 0){ throw new NumberFormatException(s); } if(result < multmin){ throw new NumberFormatException(s); } result *= radix; if(result < limit + digit){ throw new NumberFormatException(s); } result -= digit; } }else{ throw new NumberFormatException(s); } if(negative){ if(i > 1){ return result; }else{ throw new NumberFormatException(s); } }else{ return -result; } }
可以看出来jdk里也是一个字符一个字符的判断,如果有一个不是数字就抛出NumberFormatException,所以还不如这个工作由我们自己来做,还省得再抛出一次异常。
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