What are the components in computers that process and process data usually called?

The components in the computer that process and process data are usually called arithmetic units. The arithmetic unit is the core component of the computer and is a component in the computer that performs various arithmetic and logical operations; its basic operations include the four arithmetic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, logical operations such as AND, OR, NOT, and XOR, as well as shifts. Operations such as bit, comparison and transfer are also called arithmetic logic units (ALU).

The operating environment of this tutorial: Windows 7 system, Dell G3 computer.

The components in the computer that process and process data are usually called arithmetic units.

The arithmetic unit is the core component of the computer, a component in the computer that performs various arithmetic and logical operations. The basic operations of the arithmetic unit include the four arithmetic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, logical operations such as AND, OR, NOT, and XOR, as well as operations such as shifts, comparisons, and transmissions. It is also called the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU).

Its function is equivalent to an abacus. It is a device that directly completes various arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, and logical operations such as AND, OR and NOT. The main technical indicators of the arithmetic unit are the word length and operation speed of the computer.

The word length indicator can be used to measure the accuracy of the computer, such as 16-bit, 24-bit, 32-bit, etc. The longer the word length, the higher the calculation accuracy. The computing speed refers to how many addition operations a computer can complete per second. For example, our country calls the Galaxy Computer a billion times machine, which means that its computing speed is 100 million times per second.

The arithmetic unit consists of an arithmetic logic unit (ALU), an accumulator, a status register, a general-purpose register group, etc. The basic functions of the Arithmetic Logic Operation Unit (ALU) are the four arithmetic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, logical operations such as AND, OR, NOT, and XOR, as well as operations such as shift and complement. When the computer is running, the operations and types of operations of the arithmetic units are determined by the controller. The data processed by the operator comes from the memory; the processed result data is usually sent back to the memory or temporarily stored in the operator. Together with the Control Unit, it forms the core part of the CPU.

The calculator is a functional component in the computer that processes data. Data processing mainly includes arithmetic operations on data and logical operations on logical data. Therefore, realizing arithmetic and logical operations on data is the core function of the arithmetic unit.

The processing object of the operator

The processing object of the operator is data, so the data length and computer data representation method have a great impact on the performance of the operator. In the 1970s, microprocessors often used 1, 4, 8, and 16 binary bits as the basic unit for processing data. Most general-purpose computers use 16, 32, or 64 bits as the length of data processed by the arithmetic unit. An arithmetic unit that can process all bits of a data simultaneously is called a parallel arithmetic unit. If only one bit is processed at a time, it is called a serial operator. Some operators can process several bits at a time (usually 6 or 8 bits), and a complete data is divided into several segments for calculation, which is called a serial/parallel operator. Operators tend to only process data of one length. Some can also handle data of several different lengths, such as half-word-length operations, double-word-length operations, quadruple-word-length operations, etc. Some data lengths can be specified during the operation, which is called variable word length operation.

According to different data representation methods, there can be binary operators, decimal operators, hexadecimal operators, fixed-point integer operators, fixed-point decimal operators, floating-point operators, etc. According to the nature of the data, there are address operators and character operators.

Its main function is to perform arithmetic operations and logical operations.

Operation

The number of operations and operating speed that the arithmetic unit can perform indicates the strength of the arithmetic unit, and even the ability of the computer itself. The most basic operation of the arithmetic unit is addition. Adding a number to zero is simply transmitting the number. Completing the code of one number and adding it to another number is equivalent to subtracting the previous number from the latter number. Subtract two numbers to compare their magnitudes.

Left and right shifting is the basic operation of the arithmetic unit. In signed numbers, the sign does not move but only the data bits are shifted, which is called arithmetic shift. If the data is moved together with all bits of the symbol, it is called a logical shift. If the highest bit and lowest bit of data are linked to perform a logical shift, it is called circular shift.

The logical operation of the operator can perform bitwise AND, OR, XOR on two data, and negate each bit of one data. Some operators can also perform 16 logical operations on binary codes.

Multiplication and division operations are more complicated. Many computer arithmetic units can directly complete these operations. The multiplication operation is based on the addition operation. The partial products are generated successively under the decoding control of one or more bits of the multiplier, and the partial products are added to obtain the product. The division method is often based on multiplication, that is, a number of factors are selected to be multiplied by the divisor to make it approximately 1. When these factors are multiplied by the dividend, the quotient is obtained. Computers that do not have the hardware to perform multiplication and division can use programs to perform multiplication and division, but at a much slower speed. Some operators can also perform complex operations such as finding the maximum number in a batch of numbers, continuously performing the same operation on a batch of data, and finding square roots.

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