Linux server initialization configuration process

Change the root password

The root account does not have a password by default. For security reasons, initialize one first

passwd

Create Linux administrator account

When using a Linux server, try not to use the root account. To handle daily operations, we create a new administrator account.

First, add a user group (my customized admin here).

addgroup admin

Then, add a new user (assumed to be www).

useradd -d /home/www -s /bin/bash -m www

In the above command, the parameter d specifies the user's home directory, the parameter s specifies the user's shell, and the parameter m indicates that if the directory does not exist, create the directory.

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Next, set the password of the new user.

passwd www

Add new user (www) to user group (admin).

usermod -a -G admin www

Next, set sudo permissions for the new user.

sudo vi /etc/sudoers

Find the following line.

root ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

Below this line, add another line.

root    ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
www    ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL

The above NOPASSWD means that you do not need to enter a password when switching sudo. For security reasons, a password can also be enforced.

root    ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
www    ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

Finally, log out as the root user first, and then log in as the new user.

Configure SSH service

Save your computer’s ssh public key to the server’s ~/.ssh/authorized_keys file

Use the following command directly

ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@123.456.78

Then, enter the server and edit the SSH configuration file /etc/ssh/sshd_config.

sudo cp /etc/ssh/sshd_config ~     (备份，复原时使用)
sudo vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config

In the configuration file, change the default port 22 of SSH. Suppose you use 25000

Port 25000

Then, check whether several settings are set as follows, making sure to remove the # sign in front.

The above mainly prohibits root user login and password login.

After saving, exit file editing.

Next, change the permissions of the authorized_keys file.

sudo chmod 600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys && chmod 700 ~/.ssh/

Restart SSHD

sudo service ssh restart

or

sudo /etc/init.d/ssh restart

Running environment configuration

Check the regional settings of the server.

locale

If the result is not en_US.UTF-8, it is recommended to set it to it.

sudo locale-gen en_US en_US.UTF-8 en_CA.UTF-8
sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales

Then, update the software

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

Finally, make some security settings as needed, such as setting up a firewall and closing ports other than HTTP, HTTPs, and SSH.

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