Some understandings about java regular rules?:,?=,?!
官方文档如图:
上图是官方文档的介绍,总结一下讲了两个知识点:
(学习视频推荐:java视频教程)
1、是否获取匹配并保存匹配的值;
2、正向预查和反向预查。
一、解释是否获取匹配并保存匹配的值
1、()表示捕获分组,获取匹配,()把每个分组里的匹配的值保存起来;
2、(?:)表示非捕获分组,获取匹配,非捕获分组匹配的值不会保存起来,可以提高程序执行速度;
3、(?=?!?
举例说明:
// 是否获取匹配测试文本 abxoxcd ..(xox).. 匹配 abxoxcd ..(?:xox).. 匹配 abxoxcd ..(?=xox).. 匹配 abxo 获取匹配,一般匹配到了字符之后,该字符就被消耗、输出。不获取匹配,不会消耗字符。 // 是否保存匹配的值测试文本 AAABBCaaA E666FF (A)\\1* 匹配 AAA、A (\\w)\\1+ 匹配 AAA、BB、aa、666、FF (?:A)(B)\\1* 匹配 ABB
因为非捕获分组不保存匹配的值,所以 (?:A)(B)\\1* 匹配 ABB 第一个\\1表示(B)这个捕获组捕获到的值。
“注意:反向引用表示捕获到的值,而不是再次使用正则表达式”
二、解释正向预查和反向预查
// 前瞻: exp1(?=exp2) 查找exp2前面的exp1 // 后顾: (?<=exp2)exp1 查找exp2后面的exp1 // 负前瞻: exp1(?!exp2) 查找后面不是exp2的exp1 // 负后顾: (?<!exp2)exp1 查找前面不是exp2的exp1
举例说明:
// 正向预查和反向预查 测试文本 abxoxcd ..(?=xox) 匹配 ab ..(?=oxo) 匹配不到 (?=xox).. 匹配xo (?<=xox).. 匹配 cd
预查只需要记住:
1、环顾全局定位到非捕获组;
2、不获取匹配(不消耗字符),不保存匹配的值(不能使用反向引用)。
相关文章教程推荐:java快速入门
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