Detailed explanation of rpm, yum and source code installation software

This article introduces how to install software using rpm and yum, as well as how to install software using source code compilation. It has certain reference value and I hope it will be helpful to friends who are learning Linux systems!

rpm, yum and source code installation software detailed explanation

8.1rpm installation

rpm[选项]软件包名称
主选项
-i 安装
-e卸载
-U升级
-q查找
辅助选项
-ⅴ显示过程
-h --hash
查询
-a-all查询所有安装的包
-f-file查询拥有<-file的包
-p查询一个没有安装的包
卸载
-nodeps忽略依赖

When installing, you need to bring over the iso file of centos7. Why do you need to bring it over? Because the Packages inside are rpm packages.

The specific path is /run/media/wangzirui/Centos 7 X86_64/Packages/

Then execute

 rpm -ivh vsftpd-3.0.2-25.el7.x86_64.rpm

8.2yum installation

Solve the dependency problem,

ftp server configuration yum warehouse

[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv ftp]# rpm -qa | grep vsftpd
vsftpd-3.0.2-25.el7.x86_64
[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv ftp]# cd ~
[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv ~]# systemctl start vsftpd
[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /var/ftp/pub/
mount: /dev/sr0 写保护，将以只读方式挂载
[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv ~]# ll /dev/cdrom
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 2月  10 00:07 /dev/cdrom -> sr0

yum source

[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv etc]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d
[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo  CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Media.repo    CentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS-CR.repo    CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo

[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv etc]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d
[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo  CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Media.repo    CentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS-CR.repo    CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo
[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv yum.repos.d]# ^C
[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv yum.repos.d]# mkdir xx
[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv yum.repos.d]# mv *.repo xx/
[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv yum.repos.d]# ls
xx

Then create a new 1.repo in this directory

The content is

[ftp]
name=test
baseurl=ftp://localhost/pub
gpgcheck=0

Now yum works well

[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv yum.repos.d]# vim 1.repo
[root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv yum.repos.d]# yum install http
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
ftp                                                      | 3.6 kB     00:00     
(1/2): ftp/group_gz                                        | 165 kB   00:00     
(2/2): ftp/primary_db                                      | 3.2 MB   00:00     
没有可用软件包 http。
错误：无须任何处理

baseurl can be ftp://

or file://

The content is

[loacl]
name=local
baseurl=file:///mnt/dvd
gpgcheck=0

The three /// are because the third / means the directory.

Install third-party sources, epel, aliyun, Tsinghua University sources

are all ok, directly Just install the file rpm, and then the repo file of the source you just downloaded will be in /etc/yum.repos.d.

8.3yum command

The configuration of yum installation is in the /etc/yum.conf file

[main]
cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever
keepcache=0
debuglevel=2
logfile=/var/log/yum.log
exactarch=1
obsoletes=1
gpgcheck=1
plugins=1
installonly_limit=5
bugtracker_url=http://bugs.centos.org/set_project.php?project_id=23&ref=http://bugs.centos.org/bug_report_page.php?category=yum
distroverpkg=centos-release

The default download location of cachedir is $basearch. Architecture/The second one is your version

Keepcache is whether to save it after downloading or not

Next Zhu command

install
update
remove
search
Grouplist
yum list 包的名字

8.5 source code installation ​

1. Download

First download the source code, and then unzip it. Because there is a graphical interface, you can operate it directly.

2. Unzip

The one you downloaded is nginx, then unzip it and open it for viewing.

[wangzirui@laotie ~]$ cd nginx-1.17.8/
[wangzirui@laotie nginx-1.17.8]$ ls
auto     CHANGES.ru  configure  html     man     src
CHANGES  conf        contrib    LICENSE  README

3. Check that the configure in

is an executable file.

[wangzirui@laotie nginx-1.17.8]$ ./configure 
checking for OS
 + Linux 3.10.0-1062.el7.x86_64 x86_64
checking for C compiler ... not found

./configure: error: C compiler cc is not found

It will not work if you run it directly because this file needs to be compiled.

So you need to install gcc

[root@laotie nginx-1.17.8]# yum -y install gcc

At this time, after the installation is completed, execute it again

./configure

will prompt that qcre is missing, and then just install qcre

[root@laotie nginx-1.17.8]# yum list pcre
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.163.com
已安装的软件包
pcre.x86_64                        8.32-17.el7                         @anaconda
可安装的软件包
pcre.i686                          8.32-17.el7                         base     
[root@laotie nginx-1.17.8]# yum -y install pcre-devel

Installed That's it. The next step is to make and generate the installation file

4. Compile

[root@laotie nginx-1.17.8]# make

The next step is make install. After execution, the installation is successful

5. Install

[root@laotie nginx-1.17.8]#make install

Then enter the directory and execute the executable file

6.Execute

[root@laotie nginx-1.17.8]# cd /usr/local/nginx
[root@laotie nginx]# ls
conf  html  logs  sbin
[root@laotie nginx]# cd sbin
[root@laotie sbin]# ls
nginx

Then execute

./nginx

Just enter localhost and you can see nginx’s html

Recommended learning: Linux operating system tutorial

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