Basic operations of linux

Basic user operations

• Add a user: useradd (administrator) Only administrators can operate

– Usage: useradd user Name

• Set the user’s login password: passwd (administrator)

– Usage: passwd Username

• View the currently logged in user: whoami

• Switch users: su

– Usage 1: su user name Usage 2: su Enter (switch to root)

– Features: Administrators do not need a password to switch ordinary users. Password is required to switch between

• Administrator login (#), ordinary user login ($)

shell shortcut key

• Ctrl a: Move to the beginning of the command line

• Ctrl e: Move to the end of the command line

• Ctrl u: Move the cursor to the beginning of the command line Clear

• Ctrl k: Clear the content from the cursor to the end of the command line

• Ctrl r: Search for a command in the history list

• Ctrl l: Clear screen

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• history //Display historical commands

! [number] //Directly execute the command that has been executed now

Up/Down Arrow

##View files and directories

• View the current path: pwd

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• Command format: Command - Options - Parameters (directory)

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• View files under the current path: ls

– d: View only the information of the current directory

– l: View detailed information

– a : Display all. Add "." in front of any file to indicate hidden files

– h: Display file size

Path switching

• Path switching: cd

– -: Return to the previous directory

– ..: Return to the upper level directory “.”: Current directory, “.. ”Upper-level directory

– ~: To the user’s home directory

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• Absolute path and relative path

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• Create a file: touch

##Directory structure
• /boot Files required when Linux starts

• /dev device file

• /etc configuration file

• /home user home directory

• /media media file

• / mnt mount file

• /opt third-party software

• /proc virtualization file

• /root administrator’s home directory

• / run process file

• /srv compressed file

• /sys system file

• /usr installed software, shared library

• / var variable data, log file

• /tmp temporary file

• /usr/bin commands that ordinary users can use

• /usr/sbin that super users can use The command

•/usr/lib 32-bit library file

•/usr/lib64 64-bit library file

linux file processing

d: Indicates directory

-: Indicates file

l: Connection file

b: Device file, provides storage interface device

c: Device file, provides serial interface device-keyboard, mouse

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