Detailed explanation of PHP magic methods __iset, __unset (code example)

Objectives of this article:

1. Understand the definition of magic methods in PHP

2. Understand the usage scenarios of __isset() magic method

3. Master the usage of __isset() magic method

4. Understand the usage scenarios of __unset() magic method

5. Master the usage of __unset() magic method

(1) Understand the definition of magic methods in PHP

PHP Reserve all class methods starting with __ (two underscores) as magic methods. Therefore, when defining class methods, except for the above magic methods, it is recommended not to prefix them with __.

There is another name for these two magic methods, they can also be called Magic methods of attribute overloading

So so far we have learned 4 magic methods of attribute overloading, as well as the other two __get and __set

in the previous article

(2)、Understand the usage scenarios of __isset() magic method

When we want to not report an error when in isset (non-existent attribute) or empty (non-existent attribute), we can define the __isset magic method in the class, and it will be automatically executed at this time

(3), Master the usage of __isset() magic method

# #Summary:

1. In PHP, __isset is defined in the class in the following format: public function __isset (parameter 1). Note here that there must be two __, it must be __isset, and it must be With 1 parameter, one more or less will not work

2. When isset does not exist for an attribute, the system will automatically trigger the defined __isset method of the class where the object is located

3. When empty() does not exist, the system will automatically trigger the defined __isset method of the class where the object is located.

Each summary is derived through practice. Now we use practice to demonstrate the summary. , this can promote understanding and make each summary clearer and more intuitive

##Case 1,

Practical goal:

1. In PHP, __isset is defined in the class in the following format: public function __isset (parameter 1). Note here that there must be two __, which must be __isset, and must be brought 1 parameter, one more or less will not work

The specific code is as follows:

<?php
class Animal{
    public function eat(){

    }
    public function sleep(){

    }
    //魔术方法 
    public  function __isset($name){
        echo "自动执行了Animal类中的__isset方法<br/>";
    }
}
$ani = new Animal();
?>

The running result is as follows:

Blank , indicating that no error was reported

Now let’s try it without adding parameters

The specific code is as follows:

<?php
class Animal{
    public function eat(){

    }
    public function sleep(){

    }
    //魔术方法 
    public  function __isset(){
        echo "自动执行了Animal类中的__isset方法<br/>";
    }
}
$ani = new Animal();
?>

The running results are as follows:

Fatal error: Method Animal::__isset() must take exactly 1 argument in D:\E-class\class-code\classing\index.php on line 11

It can be seen that the __isset method has and can only have one parameter

Case 2,

Practice goals:

#1. When isset does not exist, the system will automatically trigger the object The defined __isset method of the class ##The specific code is as follows:

<?php
class Animal{
    public function eat(){

    }
    public function sleep(){

    }
    //魔术方法 
    public  function __isset($name){
        echo "自动执行了Animal类中的__isset方法<br/>";
    }
}
$ani = new Animal();
isset($ani->name);
?>

The running results are as follows:

Automatically execute the __isset method in the Animal class

我们发现其实我们没有手动的去调用__isset方法，也就是说没有写成$ani->__isset()，但是这个方法依然执行了，因为什么呢？因为我们写了isset($ani->name);而这个name属性没有在类中定义，然后这个类中又定义了这个魔术方法，所以它就像魔术一样，突然就被自动执行了

这里一定要注意，是2个下划线，不是一个，否则就不是魔术方法了，下面还是再来做下测试

具体代码如下：

<?php
class Animal{
    public function eat(){

    }
    public function sleep(){

    }
    //魔术方法 试着少写一个_
    public  function _isset($name){
        echo "自动执行了Animal类中的__isset方法<br/>";
    }
}
$ani = new Animal();
isset($ani->name);
?>

运行结果如下：

空白

说明刚刚那个__isset方法没有被自动执行了，所以一定要注意是2个下划线，就好像构造函数和析构函数一样，都是两个下划线

案例三、

实践目标：

1、当empty()不存在的属性时，系统会自动触发对象所在类的定义好的__isset方法

具体代码如下：

<?php
class Animal{
    public function eat(){

    }
    public function sleep(){

    }
    //魔术方法
    public  function __isset($name){
        echo "自动执行了Animal类中的__isset方法<br/>";
    }
}
$ani = new Animal();
empty($ani->name);
?>

运行结果如下：

自动执行了Animal类中的__isset方法

由此可见，会自动触发类中定义好的__iset魔术方法的场景，除了在isset不存在的属性时，还在empty不存在的属性时

（四）、了解__unset()魔术方法的使用场景

当希望在unset（）不存在的属性时可以自定义自己的逻辑，我们可以在类中定义__unset方法，此刻它会被自动执行，我们可以在里面写自定义逻辑

（五）、掌握__unset()魔术方法的用法

总结：

1、PHP中__unset在类中定义格式如下 public function __unset(参数1)，这里注意必须是2个__,必须是__unset，而且必须是要带1个参数，多一个少一个都不行

2、当unset不存在的属性时，系统会自动触发对象所在类的定义好的__unset方法

每个总结都是通过实践得出来的，现在我们用实践来演示总结，这样可以促进理解，让每个总结理解起来更加清晰，直观

案例一、

实践目标：

1、PHP中__unset在类中定义格式如下 public function __unset(参数1)，这里注意必须是2个__,必须是__unset，而且必须是要带1个参数，多一个少一个都不行

具体代码如下：

<?php
class Animal{
    public function eat(){

    }
    public function sleep(){

    }
    //魔术方法
    public  function __unset($name){
        echo "自动执行了Animal类中的__unset方法<br/>";
    }
}
$ani = new Animal();
?>

运行结果如下：

空白

说明没有报错，现在我们来试着不写参数看下

具体代码如下：

<?php
class Animal{
    public function eat(){

    }
    public function sleep(){

    }
    //魔术方法
    public  function __unset(){
        echo "自动执行了Animal类中的__unset方法<br/>";
    }
}
$ani = new Animal();
?>

运行结果为：

Fatal error: Method Animal::__unset() must take exactly 1 argument in D:\E-class\class-code\classing\index.php on line 11

由此可见，__unset魔术方法，参数有且只能有一个

案例二、

实践目标：

1、当unset不存在的属性时，系统会自动触发对象所在类的定义好的__unset方法

具体代码如下：

<?php
class Animal{
    public function eat(){

    }
    public function sleep(){

    }
    //魔术方法
    public  function __unset($name){
        echo "自动执行了Animal类中的__unset方法<br/>";
    }
}
$ani = new Animal();
unset($ani->name);
?>

运行结果如下：

自动执行了Animal类中的__unset方法

我们发现其实我们没有手动的去调用__unset方法，也就是说没有写成$ani->__unset()，但是这个方法依然执行了，因为什么呢？因为我们写了unset($ani->name);而这个name属性没有在类中定义，然后这个类中又定义了这个魔术方法，所以它就像魔术一样，突然就被自动执行了

这里一定要注意，是2个下划线，不是一个，否则就不是魔术方法了，下面还是再来做下测试

具体代码如下：

<?php
class Animal{
    public function eat(){

    }
    public function sleep(){

    }
    //魔术方法 试着少写一个_
    public  function _unset($name){
        echo "自动执行了Animal类中的__unset方法<br/>";
    }
}
$ani = new Animal();
unset($ani->name);
?>

运行结果如下：

空白

由此可见，__unset魔术方法没有被自动执行了，所以一定要记得__unset魔术方法也是2个下划线

 （六）、总结

1、本文主要讲了__isset,__unset的使用场景，定义以及具体的实现方法

希望本文能给大家带来一定的帮助，谢谢！！！

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