File search command find in Linux

The find command is one of my favorite commands. It can easily find the files I want to find. It can support too many methods to find, such as file name, file size, file type, etc. wait. Next, let’s take a look.

Syntax: find [search path] [options] [action]

Don’t have too many options in the find command. Today I will only talk about some frequently used options.

Search by file name

The option to search by file name is -name, which supports simple regular search.

For example, I know that locale.conf is saved in the /etc directory, but I have forgotten the specific path, then

# find /etc/ -name locale.conf/etc/locale.conf

I can find out the specific path of the file.

Now I want to know how many php files there are in a certain directory, then I can use the following command to complete it.

# find default -name *.php | wc -l122

Or option -o

Here is another option, -o, which means or, generally the default is between find options They all mean "and". Let's look at an example to find the total number of php or js files in a certain directory.

# find default -name *.php -o -name *.js | wc -l225

Search based on file type and directory depth

You need to use the -type option to find file types. Commonly used types include f (file), d(directory). Another option is introduced, -maxdepth indicates the maximum number of recursive directories.

# find ./  -maxdepth 1  -type d././default./default.bak

Negative option!

# find ./  -maxdepth 1 ! -type f././default./default.bak

Time-related lookup

Time-related options:	There are -atime, -ctime and -mtime , using -mtime description
-mtime n	n as a number, meaning files whose contents were changed "within one day" n days ago;
-mtime n	List the file names whose contents were changed n days ago (excluding n days itself)
-mtime -n	List the file names of files whose contents have been changed within n days (including n days themselves)
- newer file	file is an existing file and lists the file names that are newer than file

这个选项很有作用，比如进行数据定时备份时，只保留最近7天的数据，超过7天的自动删除就会用到该选项。注意+n表示n天之前,-n表示n天之内。

# find $bakdir -name "*.sql.bz2" -type f -mtime +7 -exec rm -rf {} \;

根据用户名、组来查找

与使用者或群组名称有关
-uid n	n 为数字，这个数字是使用者的帐号ID，亦即UID
-gid n	n 为数字，这个数字是群组名称的ID，亦即GID
-user name	name 为使用者帐号名称,例如dmtsai
-group name	name 为群组名称，例如users ；
-nouser	寻找文件的拥有者不存在 的人！
-nogroup	寻找文件的拥有群组不存在于/etc/group 的文件！

查找某目录下，所有者不是www的文件有哪些。

find /home/wwwroot/default ! -user www | wc -l

根据文件大小查找

按文件大小查找使用-size选项，比如查找大于1M的文件，那么使用-size +1M，如果查找小于1K的，那么使用-size -1K

# find /home/wwwroot/default -size +1M
# find /home/wwwroot/default -size -1k

根据文件权限查找

• -perm mode 搜寻文件权限『刚好等于』 mode 的文件，这个mode 为类似chmod的属性值，举例来说， -rwsr-xr-x 的属性为4755 ！

• -perm -mode 搜寻文件权限『必须要全部囊括mode 的权限』的文件，举例来说，我们要搜寻-rwxr--r-- ，亦即0744 的文件，使用-perm -0744，当一个文件的权限为-rwsr-xr-x ，亦即4755 时，也会被列出来，因为-rwsr-xr-x 的属性已经囊括了-rwxr--r-- 的属性了。

• -perm /mode 搜寻文件权限『包含任一mode 的权限』的文件，举例来说，我们搜寻-rwxr-xr-x ，亦即-perm /755 时，但一个文件属性为-rw-------也会被列出来，因为他有-rw.... 的属性存在！

我们知道，文件的权限一般为644,目录的权限一般为755。如果，不是等于这个权限，可能就会有点问题，那么我们来找找看，是否有这类文件。

find /home/wwwroot/default ! -perm 644 -type d -exec ls -ld {} \;
# 查找权限不是644的文件，并将其修改为644
find /home/wwwroot/default ! -perm 644 -type f | xargs -n 10 chmod 644;

动作执行

其实这个命令上面已经使用到了，使用-exec选项，然后接命令，最后要以{} ;结尾，比如

find /home/wwwroot/default ! -perm 644 -type d -exec ls -ld {} \;

其他

find还支持正则(-regex)查找文件名，还可以不区分大小写(-iregex);

使用-empty可以查找文件大小为0的文件。

# find . -empty -exec ls -l {} \;

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