Detailed explanation of curl_multi concurrency in PHP

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Release: 2023-04-08 18:42:02
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Detailed explanation of curl_multi concurrency in PHP

Detailed explanation of curl_multi concurrency in PHP

curl_multi series functions in PHP You can request multiple URLs at the same time to achieve concurrency, instead of blocking after requesting like a normal curl function, and not making the next request until the result is returned. Therefore, when requesting URLs in batches, the curl_multi series of functions can be used to improve the running efficiency of the program.

curl normal request

$startTime = microtime(true);
$chArr = [];
$optArr = [
    CURLOPT_URL => 'http://www.httpbin.org/ip',
    CURLOPT_HEADER => 0,
    CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER => 1,
];
$result = [];
//创建多个curl资源并执行
for ($i=0; $i<10; $i++) {
    $chArr[$i] = curl_init();
    curl_setopt_array($chArr[$i], $optArr);
    $result[$i] = curl_exec($chArr[$i]);
    curl_close($chArr[$i]);
}
$endTime = microtime(true);
echo sprintf("use time: %.3f s".PHP_EOL, $endTime - $startTime);use time: 6.080 s
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use time: 6.080 s

curl_multi concurrent request

$startTime = microtime(true);
$chArr = [];
$optArr = [
    CURLOPT_URL => &#39;http://www.httpbin.org/ip&#39;,
    CURLOPT_HEADER => 0,
    CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER => 1,
];
$result = [];
//创建多个curl资源
for ($i=0; $i<10; $i++) {
    $chArr[$i] = curl_init();
    curl_setopt_array($chArr[$i], $optArr);
}
//创建批处理curl句柄
$mh = curl_multi_init();
//将单个curl句柄添加到批处理curl句柄中
foreach ($chArr as $ch) {
    curl_multi_add_handle($mh, $ch);
}
//判断操作是否仍在执行的标识的引用
$active = null;
/**
 * 本次循环第一次处理 $mh 批处理中的 $ch 句柄,并将 $mh 批处理的执行状态写入 $active,
 * 当状态值等于 CURLM_CALL_MULTI_PERFORM 时,表明数据还在写入或读取中,执行循环,
 * 当第一次 $ch 句柄的数据写入或读取成功后,状态值变为 CURLM_OK ,跳出本次循环,进入下面的大循环中。
 */
do {
    //处理在批处理栈中的每一个句柄
    $mrc = curl_multi_exec($mh, $active);
} while ($mrc == CURLM_CALL_MULTI_PERFORM);
/**
 * 上面这段代码中,是可以直接使用 $active > 0 来作为 while 的条件,如下:
 * do {
 *   $mrc = curl_multi_exec($mh, $active);
 * } while ($active > 0);
 * 此时如果整个批处理句柄没有全部执行完毕时,系统会不停的执行 curl_multi_exec 函数,从而导致系统CPU占用会很高,
 * 因此一般不采用这种方案,可以通过 curl_multi_select 函数来达到没有需要读取的程序就阻塞住的目的。
 */
/**
 * $active 为 true 时,即 $mh 批处理之中还有 $ch 句柄等待处理,
 * $mrc == CURLM_OK,即上一次 $ch 句柄的读取或写入已经执行完毕。
 */
while ($active && $mrc == CURLM_OK) {
    /** 
     * 程序进入阻塞状态,直到批处理中有活动连接(即 $mh 批处理中还有可执行的 $ch 句柄),
     * 这样执行的好处是 $mh 批处理中的 $ch 句柄会在读取或写入数据结束后($mrc == CURLM_OK)进入阻塞阶段,
     * 而不会在整个 $mh 批处理执行时不停地执行 curl_multi_exec 函数,白白浪费CPU资源。
     */
     if (curl_multi_select($mh) != -1) {
        //程序退出阻塞状态继续执行需要处理的 $ch 句柄
        do {
            $mrc = curl_multi_exec($mh, $active);
        } while ($mrc == CURLM_CALL_MULTI_PERFORM);
    }
}
foreach ($chArr as $i=>$ch) {
    //获取某个curl句柄的返回值
    $result[$i] = curl_multi_getcontent($ch);
    //移除批处理句柄中的某个句柄资源
    curl_multi_remove_handle($mh, $ch);
}
//关闭一组curl句柄
curl_multi_close($mh);
$endTime = microtime(true);
echo sprintf("use time: %.3f s".PHP_EOL, $endTime - $startTime);
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use time: 0.599 s

By comparing the running time of the above program, we can know that concurrent requests using the curl_multi series of functions are much more efficient than sequential requests using the ordinary curl function. .

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