How to partition a hard disk under Linux

Under Linux system, if you want to use a new hard disk, you need to go through partitioning, formatting, mounting and other operations before you can use the hard disk. If you want to learn how to partition, you need to master several related commands. Next, let’s take a look.

Check the hard disk usage

Before partitioning, you must know the device name of the new disk and how much is left on the hard disk. space. Under Linux, there is a very useful command lsblk, which lists all the hard disks and partitions of the current system.

# lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
vda    253:0    0   40G  0 disk 
└─vda1 253:1    0   40G  0 part /
vdb    253:16   0  200G  0 disk 
├─vdb1 253:17   0   50G  0 part /data
└─vdb2 253:18   0  100G  0 part /www

As you can see, there are currently two hard drives on the server, named vda and vdb. Among them, vda has 40G of space, but it has been allocated to partition /. And vdb still has 50G of space left unused. Then, let's divide the remaining 50G into another area.

Partition

Here, we use fdisk for partitioning. This command can also check disk usage.

# fdisk /dev/vdb -l
Disk /dev/vdb: 200 GiB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
……

Next, we start the partition operation

fdisk /dev/vdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help):    <====输入m可以获取帮助,这里我们输入n，表示新增分区
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
   p   primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
   e   extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (3,4, default 3):

Because we divide the rest into all, so just type enter all the way, and finally enter w to indicate the save operation, otherwise it will not Save your partitioning operations. If you want to practice partitioning without actually partitioning, then feel free to use fdisk to play around, as long as you don't enter w at the end.

# lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
vda    253:0    0   40G  0 disk 
└─vda1 253:1    0   40G  0 part /
vdb    253:16   0  200G  0 disk 
├─vdb1 253:17   0   50G  0 part /data
├─vdb2 253:18   0  100G  0 part /www
└─vdb3 253:19   0   50G  0 part   <=== 新的分区

You can see that the new partition has come out and the device name is vdb3. Then we'd better enter the partprobe command, which means to let the kernel find the partition table again.

# partprobe
# cat /proc/partitions 
major minor  #blocks  name
253        0   41943040 vda
253        1   41941999 vda1
253       16  209715200 vdb
253       17   52428800 vdb1
253       18  104857600 vdb2
253       19   52427776 vdb3  <== 分区表更新成功

After formatting a partition

, the partition cannot access files. It must be formatted and written to Only after the file system is installed. Formatting in Linux is very simple, just use mkfs. Currently, the default file system of CentOs7 is xfs, so here we also format the new partition as xfs.

# mkfs.xfs /dev/vdb3

Mount the partition

After the partition is formatted, you still need to mount it before you can use the partition. In addition, there are some principles for partition mounting:

The mounted directory must be an empty directory

• A partition cannot be mounted to multiple directories (mounted Click)

• A directory can only mount one partition

• The command to mount is mount, and the syntax is

mount file system mount point

Next we perform the mounting operation. First, create an empty directory /del

mkdir /del

and then mount it

# mount /dev/vdb3 /del

Then, check to see if the mounting is successful

# lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
vda    253:0    0   40G  0 disk 
└─vda1 253:1    0   40G  0 part /
vdb    253:16   0  200G  0 disk 
├─vdb1 253:17   0   50G  0 part /data
├─vdb2 253:18   0  100G  0 part /www
└─vdb3 253:19   0   50G  0 part /del  <== 成功了！

Set automatic mounting at boot

If you do not set automatic mounting at boot, restart next time After that, you need to mount it manually, otherwise the file system cannot be used.

Setting up automatic mounting at boot is very simple, just modify the /etc/fstab file. Add a new line and fill in the UUID or device name of the file system, mount point, file system, file system parameters, etc.

The above is the detailed content of How to partition a hard disk under Linux. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!