PHP类中的静态方法使用实例
在php中静态方法我们就直接在函数或变量前加一个static就可以了,使用的时候和静态变量差不多,不需要实例化,直接用::调用了,下面我来给大家举几个关于静态方法实例。
PHP也不例外!所谓静态方法(属性)就是以static关键词标注的属性或者方法(例如:静态属性public static username;)
静态方法和非静态方法最大的区别在于他们的生命周期不同,用一个实例来说明静态方法定义,定义静态方法很简单,在声明关键词function之前加上static,实例代码如下:
class A { static function fun() { // do somathing } }
静态方法使用
使用的时候和静态变量差不多,不需要实例化,直接用::调用,实例代码如下
A::fun()
对比普通方法
因为静态方法的调用不需要实例化,所以在静态方法中引用类自身的属性或者方法的时候会出错,也就是形如self和$this是错误的,实例代码如下:
<?php class MyClass { public $num = 5; function __construct() { $this->num = 10; } function fun_1() { echo "I am a public method named fun_1.n"; echo "The num of object is {$this->num}.n"; } static function fun_2() { echo "I am a static method named fun_2.n"; } function fun_3($n) { echo "The arg is {$n}n"; } } $m = new MyClass; $m->fun_1(); $m->fun_2(); $m->fun_3('test'); MyClass::fun_1(); MyClass::fun_2(); MyClass::fun_3('test'); /* 输出结果: lch@localhost:php $ php class_method.php I am a public method named fun_1. The num of object is 10. I am a static method named fun_2. The arg is test I am a public method named fun_1. PHP Fatal error: Using $this when not in object context in /Users/lch/program/php/class_method.php on line 14 */ ?>
再看一实例,用一个实例来说明,代码如下:
<?php class user { public static $username; //声明一个静态属性 public $password; //声明一个非静态属性 function __construct($pwd) { echo 'Username:', self::$username; //输出静态属性 self::$username = 'admin'; //为静态属性赋值 $this->password = $pwd; //为非静态属性赋值 } public function show() { //输出类属性 echo ' Username:', self::$username; echo ' Password:', $this->password; } public static function sshow() { echo ' Username:', self::$username; echo ' Password:', $this->password; } } user::$username = 'root'; //为赋值user类的静态属性赋值 $objUser = new user('123456'); //实例化user类 $objUser->sshow(); unset($objUser); echo ' Username:', user::$username; /* * 输出结果为: * Username:root * Username:admin * Password:123456 * Usern ame:admin * */ ?>
从这里实例中可以看出,静态属性在类实例化以前就起作用了,并且在对象被销毁时静态属性依然可以发挥作用!
也因为静态方法的这种属性,所以不能在静态方法中调用非静态属性或者方法
接着看
1、php类中,假设所有的属性与方法的可见性为public,那么在外部访问类的方法或属性时,都必须通过对象【类的实例化过程】来调用,实例代码如下:
<?php class Log { public $root = DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR; public $logPath = '/data/app/www/test-realtime.monitoring.c.kunlun.com/log'; public $defaultDir = 'default'; public function writeLog($logName, $logType, $data, $newDir = FALSE) { $fileName = ''; if (!file_exists($this->logPath)) { mkdir($this->logPath, 0777); } if ($newDir !== FALSE) { @mkdir($this->logPath . $this->root . $newDir, 0777); $fileName = $this->logPath . $this->root . $newDir . $this->root . date('Y-m-d', time()) . '_' . $logName . '_' . $logType . '.log'; } else { @mkdir($this->logPath . $this->root . $this->defaultDir, 0777); $fileName = $this->logPath . $this->root . $this->defaultDir . $this->root . date('Y-m-d', time()) . '_' . $logName . '_' . $logType . '.log'; } file_put_contents($fileName, date('Y-m-d H:i:s') . ' ' . $data . "n", FILE_APPEND); } } ?>
类的实例化对象的过程:$logObj = new Log();
访问类中的方法:$logObj->writeLog($param1, $param2, $param3, $param4);
访问类中的属性:echo $logObj->root;
2、如果类中的属性前被static关键字修饰时,就不能通过对象来访问被static修饰的属性,但如果是类中的方法被static修饰时则即可以通过对象也可以通过类名::方法名的方式来进行访问。
3、如果类中的方法被static修饰则,方法中不能用$this,$this指的是类的实例化对象,由于静态方法不用通过对象就可以调用,所以伪变量$this不可用。
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