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PHP类中的静态方法使用实例

May 25, 2016 pm 04:48 PM
php class method static

在php中静态方法我们就直接在函数或变量前加一个static就可以了,使用的时候和静态变量差不多,不需要实例化,直接用::调用了,下面我来给大家举几个关于静态方法实例。

PHP也不例外!所谓静态方法(属性)就是以static关键词标注的属性或者方法(例如:静态属性public static username;)

静态方法和非静态方法最大的区别在于他们的生命周期不同,用一个实例来说明静态方法定义,定义静态方法很简单,在声明关键词function之前加上static,实例代码如下:

class A  
{  
	static function fun()  
	{  
		// do somathing
	}
}
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静态方法使用

使用的时候和静态变量差不多,不需要实例化,直接用::调用,实例代码如下

A::fun()

对比普通方法

因为静态方法的调用不需要实例化,所以在静态方法中引用类自身的属性或者方法的时候会出错,也就是形如self和$this是错误的,实例代码如下:

<?php
class MyClass {
    public $num = 5;
    function __construct() {
        $this->num = 10;
    }
    function fun_1() {
        echo "I am a public method named fun_1.n";
        echo "The num of object is {$this->num}.n";
    }
    static function fun_2() {
        echo "I am a static method named fun_2.n";
    }
    function fun_3($n) {
        echo "The arg is {$n}n";
    }
}
$m = new MyClass;
$m->fun_1();
$m->fun_2();
$m->fun_3(&#39;test&#39;);
MyClass::fun_1();
MyClass::fun_2();
MyClass::fun_3(&#39;test&#39;);
/*
输出结果: 
lch@localhost:php $ php class_method.php 
I am a public method named fun_1. 
The num of object is 10. 
I am a static method named fun_2. 
The arg is test 
I am a public method named fun_1. 
PHP Fatal error:  Using $this when not in object context in /Users/lch/program/php/class_method.php on line 14 
*/
?>
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再看一实例,用一个实例来说明,代码如下:

<?php
class user {
    public static $username; //声明一个静态属性
    public $password; //声明一个非静态属性
    function __construct($pwd) {
        echo &#39;Username:&#39;, self::$username; //输出静态属性
        self::$username = &#39;admin&#39;; //为静态属性赋值
        $this->password = $pwd; //为非静态属性赋值
        
    }
    public function show() { //输出类属性
        echo &#39;  
Username:&#39;, self::$username;
        echo &#39;  
Password:&#39;, $this->password;
    }
    public static function sshow() {
        echo &#39;  
Username:&#39;, self::$username;
        echo &#39;  
Password:&#39;, $this->password;
    }
}
user::$username = &#39;root&#39;; //为赋值user类的静态属性赋值
$objUser = new user(&#39;123456&#39;); //实例化user类
$objUser->sshow();
unset($objUser);
echo &#39;  
Username:&#39;, user::$username;
/*
* 输出结果为:  
* Username:root  
* Username:admin  
* Password:123456  
* Usern  
ame:admin  
* */
?>
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从这里实例中可以看出,静态属性在类实例化以前就起作用了,并且在对象被销毁时静态属性依然可以发挥作用!

也因为静态方法的这种属性,所以不能在静态方法中调用非静态属性或者方法

接着看

1、php类中,假设所有的属性与方法的可见性为public,那么在外部访问类的方法或属性时,都必须通过对象【类的实例化过程】来调用,实例代码如下:

<?php
class Log {
    public $root = DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR;
    public $logPath = &#39;/data/app/www/test-realtime.monitoring.c.kunlun.com/log&#39;;
    public $defaultDir = &#39;default&#39;;
    public function writeLog($logName, $logType, $data, $newDir = FALSE) {
        $fileName = &#39;&#39;;
        if (!file_exists($this->logPath)) {
            mkdir($this->logPath, 0777);
        }
        if ($newDir !== FALSE) {
            @mkdir($this->logPath . $this->root . $newDir, 0777);
            $fileName = $this->logPath . $this->root . $newDir . $this->root . date(&#39;Y-m-d&#39;, time()) . &#39;_&#39; . $logName . &#39;_&#39; . $logType . &#39;.log&#39;;
        } else {
            @mkdir($this->logPath . $this->root . $this->defaultDir, 0777);
            $fileName = $this->logPath . $this->root . $this->defaultDir . $this->root . date(&#39;Y-m-d&#39;, time()) . &#39;_&#39; . $logName . &#39;_&#39; . $logType . &#39;.log&#39;;
        }
        file_put_contents($fileName, date(&#39;Y-m-d H:i:s&#39;) . &#39; &#39; . $data . "n", FILE_APPEND);
    }
}
?>
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类的实例化对象的过程:$logObj = new Log();

访问类中的方法:$logObj->writeLog($param1, $param2, $param3, $param4);

访问类中的属性:echo $logObj->root;

2、如果类中的属性前被static关键字修饰时,就不能通过对象来访问被static修饰的属性,但如果是类中的方法被static修饰时则即可以通过对象也可以通过类名::方法名的方式来进行访问。

3、如果类中的方法被static修饰则,方法中不能用$this,$this指的是类的实例化对象,由于静态方法不用通过对象就可以调用,所以伪变量$this不可用。

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