最近在开发小程序用到了WebSocket,小程序提供了相应的原生API,与H5的API使用方式上有一些区别,所以流行的H5的一些成熟的类库使用起来有些困难,而原生API又存在一些缺陷,所以就自己实现了一套心跳重连机制。
惯例,先简单介绍一下Websocket。
Websocket简介
Websocket是什么
WebSocket 是一种网络通信协议。RFC6455 定义了它的通信标准。
WebSocket 是 HTML5 开始提供的一种在单个 TCP 连接上进行全双工通讯的协议。
为什么需要Websocket
HTTP 协议是一种无状态的、无连接的、单向的应用层协议。它采用了请求/响应模型。通信请求只能由客户端发起,服务端对请求做出应答处理。
所以当我们想服务器主动给客户端发送消息,HTTP是做不到的,我们只能使用轮询或者长轮询来实现类似的功能,这样的方式效率低并且浪费资源,为了解决这样的问题,WebSocket诞生了。
小程序中的WebSocket
小程序WebSocket的API
把你给懒得!自己官网看去!
为什么要做心跳重连
在使用原生WebSocket的时候,我们经常会感觉不太稳定,服务端发送的消息有时候客户端接收不到,或者是客户端发送的消息服务端接收不到,虽然WebSocket也提供了onError和onClose的方法,但是经常会有各种未知情况导致断开连接而并不触发Error或Close事件。这样就导致实际连接已经断开了,而客户端和服务端却不知道,还在傻傻的等着消息来。
所以我们要解决的问题就很清晰了:
保证连接状态,连接断开时让客户端与服务端都能知道,进而重连。
上代码
页面载入后,我们连接socket先
onLoad(){ this.linkSocket() }, linkSocket(){ let that = this wx.connectSocket({ url: app.globalData.wsUrl + 'websocket?' + this.data.taskId + '&' + this.data.userId, success() { console.log('连接成功') that.initEventHandle() } }) },
绑定事件
然后调用initEventHandle来绑定各种各样的事件
initEventHandle(){ let that = this wx.onSocketMessage((res) => { //收到消息 }) wx.onSocketOpen(()=>{ console.log('WebSocket连接打开') }) wx.onSocketError(function (res) { console.log('WebSocket连接打开失败') }) wx.onSocketClose(function (res) { console.log('WebSocket 已关闭!') }) },
这个先放在这我们一会往里填东西
断线重连
reconnect(){ if (this.lockReconnect) return; this.lockReconnect = true; clearTimeout(this.timer) if (this.data.limit<12){ this.timer = setTimeout(() => { this.linkSocket(); this.lockReconnect = false; }, 5000); this.setData({ limit: this.data.limit+1 }) } },
我们设置一个锁和最大的重连次数,避免出现无限重连的情况,为了不给服务器太大的压力我这里设置的是5秒重试一次,最多请求12次。
改造一下initEventHandle这样我们就可以实现一般的触发Error的断线重连。
initEventHandle(){ let that = this wx.onSocketMessage((res) => { //收到消息 }) wx.onSocketOpen(()=>{ console.log('WebSocket连接打开') }) wx.onSocketError((res)=>{ console.log('WebSocket连接打开失败') this.reconnect() }) wx.onSocketClose((res)=> { console.log('WebSocket 已关闭!') this.reconnect() }) },
关键的来的---心跳对象
先撸为敬
let heartCheck = { timeout: 10000, timeoutObj: null, serverTimeoutObj: null, reset: function () { clearTimeout(this.timeoutObj); clearTimeout(this.serverTimeoutObj); return this; }, start: function () { this.timeoutObj = setTimeout(()=> { console.log("发送ping"); wx.sendSocketMessage({ data:"ping", // success(){ // console.log("发送ping成功"); // } }); this.serverTimeoutObj = setTimeout(() =>{ wx.closeSocket(); }, this.timeout); }, this.timeout); } };
心跳对象内timeout为每10秒发一次心跳,timeoutObj、serverTimeoutObj是清除定时器用的对象,reset方法重置定时器,start发送心跳。
继续改造我们的initEventHandle
initEventHandle(){ let that = this wx.onSocketMessage((res) => { //收到消息 if (res.data == "pong"){ heartCheck.reset().start() }else{ \\处理数据 } }) wx.onSocketOpen(()=>{ console.log('WebSocket连接打开') heartCheck.reset().start() }) wx.onSocketError((res)=>{ console.log('WebSocket连接打开失败') this.reconnect() }) wx.onSocketClose((res)=> { console.log('WebSocket 已关闭!') this.reconnect() }) },
打开连接的时候调用start开始心跳,每隔10秒向服务端发送消息"ping",服务端接收到消息后给我们回个话"pong",就好像微信聊天。
Are you here?
Are you here?
Are you here?
Are you here?
Go away
Don’t look at it, it’s annoying. At least you can be sure that you two are still friends, otherwise you won’t know if he has blocked you (a bit off topic)
If the server does not reply "pong" after more than 10 seconds ", I think the disconnected
dares to delete my friends, how can I tolerate the violent temper of a man from the Northeast? I deleted you too. . . . . . . . . . . Then quickly apply for friends again
This is a bad-tempered client that directly closes the connection and calls closeSocket, but as soon as we close our onSocketClose event, it reconnects (scumbag)
So far, Heartbeat reconnection is implemented
SummarySocket heartbeat reconnection can have a similar implementation in H5, and there are also mature third-party libraries, such as stomp websocket sockjs can implement a more complete and compatible socket connection solution, which I can share with you next time (depending on my mood).
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If you think the writing is rubbish, give it a thumbs up and punish me.
Recommended tutorial: "
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