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php 乱码问题的解决方法

May 25, 2016 pm 04:50 PM
php Garbled code problem

近来接受BBT的培训,做一个投票系统,系统代码倒不是很难,但是我的时间主要花费在了研究字符集和编码上面,MySQL和Apache两个系统的编码(字符集)问题让我费劲脑筋,吃尽苦头,网上对这些问题的.

解决比较零散,比较片面,大部分是提供解决方法,却不说为什么,于是我将这几天收获总结一下,避免后来者再走弯路,这篇文章对PHP编写有一点帮助(看完你就知道,怎样让你的PHP程序在大部分空间提供商的服务器里显示正常),但是更多帮助在于网络服务器的架设和设置。

先说MySQL的字符集问题,Windows下可通过修改my.ini内的,代码:

# CLIENT SECTION 
[mysql] 
default-character-set=utf8 
# SERVER SECTION 
[mysqld] 
default-character-set=utf8
Copy after login

这两个字段来更改数据库的默认字符集,第一个是客户端默认的字符集,第二个是服务器端默认的字符集,假设我们把两个都设为utf8,然后在MySQL Command Line Client里面输入"show variebles like"character_set_%";",可看到如下字符:

character_set_client   latin1 
character_set_connection    latin1 
character_set_database     utf8 
character_set_results    latin1 
character_set_server   utf8 
character_set_system     utf8
Copy after login

其中的utf8随着我们上面的设置而改动,此时,要是我们通过采用UTF-8的PHP程序从数据库里读取数据,很有可能是一串"?????"或者是其他乱码,网上查了半天,解决办法倒是简单,在连接数据库之后,读取数据之前,先执行一项查询"SET NAMES UTF8",即在PHP里为如下代码:

mysql_query("SET NAMES UTF8");

即可显示正常,只要数据库里信息的字符正常,为什么会这样?这句查询"SET NAMES UTF8"到底是什么作用?

到MySQL命令行输入"SET NAMES UTF8;",然后执行"show variebles like"character_set_%";",

发现原来为latin1的那些变量"character_set_client"、"character_set_connection"、"character_set_results"的值全部变为utf8了,原来是这3个变量在捣蛋,查阅手册,上面那句等于:

SET character_set_client = utf8; 
SET character_set_results = utf8; 
SET character_set_connection = utf8;
Copy after login

看看这3个变量的作用:

信息输入路径:client-connection-server;

信息输出路径:server-connection-results.

换句话说,每个路径要经过3次改变字符集编码,以出现乱码的输出为例,server里utf8的数据,传入connection转为latin1,传入results转为latin1,utf-8页面又把results转过来,如果两种字符集不兼容,比如latin1和utf8,转化过程就为不可逆的,破坏性的,所以就转不回来了。

但这里要声明一点,"SET NAMES UTF8"作用只是临时的,MySQL重启后就恢复默认了,接下来就说到MySQL在服务器上的配置问题了,岂不是我们每次对数据库读写都得加上"SET NAMESUTF8",以保证数据传输的编码一致?能不能通过配置MySQL来达到那三个变量默认就为我们要想的字符集?手册上没说,我在网上也没找到答案,所以,从服务器配置的角度而言,是没办法省略掉那行代码的。

总结:为了让你的网页能在更多的服务器上正常地显示,还是加上"SET NAMES UTF8"吧,即使你现在没有加上这句也能正常访问。


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