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The principles of automatic loading in Composer that novices must understand

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Release: 2020-06-29 11:49:08
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下面由composer教程栏目给大家介绍新手必了解的Composer 实现自动加载原理,希望对需要的朋友有所帮助!

The principles of automatic loading in Composer that novices must understand

简介

一般在框架中都会用到 composer 工具 , 用它来管理依赖。其中 composer 有类的自动加载机制,可以加载 composer 下载的库中的所有的类文件。那么 composer 的自动加载机制是怎么实现的呢?

composer 自动加载原理

以在 Laravel 框架中为例:

1.首先在入口文件(/public/index.php)中引入了 autoload.php

require __DIR__.'/../vendor/autoload.php';
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2. 我们看看 autoload.php 的内容

require_once __DIR__ . '/composer/autoload_real.php';
return ComposerAutoloaderInit1215780529014c2b50a6fca7ce889273::getLoader();
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3. 我们再看看 autoload_real.php 的内容

<?php

// autoload_real.php @generated by Composer

class ComposerAutoloaderInit1215780529014c2b50a6fca7ce889273
{
    private static $loader;

    public static function loadClassLoader($class)
    {
        if (&#39;Composer\Autoload\ClassLoader&#39; === $class) {
            require __DIR__ . &#39;/ClassLoader.php&#39;;
        }
    }

    public static function getLoader()
    {
        if (null !== self::$loader) {
            return self::$loader;
        }
        spl_autoload_register(array(&#39;ComposerAutoloaderInit1215780529014c2b50a6fca7ce889273&#39;, &#39;loadClassLoader&#39;), true, true);
        self::$loader = $loader = new \Composer\Autoload\ClassLoader();
        spl_autoload_unregister(array(&#39;ComposerAutoloaderInit1215780529014c2b50a6fca7ce889273&#39;, &#39;loadClassLoader&#39;));

        $useStaticLoader = PHP_VERSION_ID >= 50600 && !defined(&#39;HHVM_VERSION&#39;) && (!function_exists(&#39;zend_loader_file_encoded&#39;) || !zend_loader_file_encoded());
        if ($useStaticLoader) {
            require_once __DIR__ . &#39;/autoload_static.php&#39;;

            call_user_func(\Composer\Autoload\ComposerStaticInit1215780529014c2b50a6fca7ce889273::getInitializer($loader));
        } else {
            $map = require __DIR__ . &#39;/autoload_namespaces.php&#39;;
            foreach ($map as $namespace => $path) {
                $loader->set($namespace, $path);
            }

            $map = require __DIR__ . &#39;/autoload_psr4.php&#39;;
            foreach ($map as $namespace => $path) {
                $loader->setPsr4($namespace, $path);
            }

            $classMap = require __DIR__ . &#39;/autoload_classmap.php&#39;;
            if ($classMap) {
                $loader->addClassMap($classMap);
            }
        }

        $loader->register(true);

        if ($useStaticLoader) {
            $includeFiles = Composer\Autoload\ComposerStaticInit1215780529014c2b50a6fca7ce889273::$files;
        } else {
            $includeFiles = require __DIR__ . &#39;/autoload_files.php&#39;;
        }
        foreach ($includeFiles as $fileIdentifier => $file) {
            composerRequire1215780529014c2b50a6fca7ce889273($fileIdentifier, $file);
        }

        return $loader;
    }
}

function composerRequire1215780529014c2b50a6fca7ce889273($fileIdentifier, $file)
{
    if (empty($GLOBALS[&#39;__composer_autoload_files&#39;][$fileIdentifier])) {
        require $file;

        $GLOBALS[&#39;__composer_autoload_files&#39;][$fileIdentifier] = true;
    }
}
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可以看出这一段是 composer 自动加载的重点,首先在 autoload.php 中调用

ComposerAutoloaderInit1215780529014c2b50a6fca7ce889273::getLoader () 方法,getLoader () 首先判断当前loader是不是null,如果不为null就直接返回,否则就初始化一个calssloader类给赋值给 loader 是不是 null,如果不为 null 就直接返回,否则就初始化一个 ClassLoader 类给赋值给 loader,接着将 autoload_namespaces.php、autoload_psr4.php、autoload_classmap.php 文件中的内容加入到 $loader 中对应的数组中,然后给注册 loadClass 函数,将 autoload_files.php 中的所有路径所示的文件都包含进来,当在 new 一个类的时候如果没有找到相关的类就会触发这个 loadClass 函数,在 loadClass () 又调用了 findFile () 去查找相应的文件,找到相应文件后就会返回该文件,然后 loadClass 调用 includeFile () 方法将该文件 include 进去,否则 findFile 返回 false,这样就完成了自动加载

4. 下面来看一下 findFile ()

public function findFile($class)
  {
            // class map lookup
            if (isset($this->classMap[$class])) {
                return $this->classMap[$class];
            }
            if ($this->classMapAuthoritative || isset($this->missingClasses[$class])) {
                return false;
            }
            if (null !== $this->apcuPrefix) {
                $file = apcu_fetch($this->apcuPrefix.$class, $hit);
                if ($hit) {
                    return $file;
                }
            }

            $file = $this->findFileWithExtension($class, &#39;.php&#39;);

            // Search for Hack files if we are running on HHVM
            if (false === $file && defined(&#39;HHVM_VERSION&#39;)) {
                $file = $this->findFileWithExtension($class, &#39;.hh&#39;);
            }

            if (null !== $this->apcuPrefix) {
                apcu_add($this->apcuPrefix.$class, $file);
            }

            if (false === $file) {
                // Remember that this class does not exist.
                $this->missingClasses[$class] = true;
            }

            return $file;
        }

         private function findFileWithExtension($class, $ext)
        {
            // PSR-4 lookup
            $logicalPathPsr4 = strtr($class, &#39;\\&#39;, DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR) . $ext;

            $first = $class[0];
            if (isset($this->prefixLengthsPsr4[$first])) {
                $subPath = $class;
                while (false !== $lastPos = strrpos($subPath, &#39;\\&#39;)) {
                    $subPath = substr($subPath, 0, $lastPos);
                    $search = $subPath.&#39;\\&#39;;
                    if (isset($this->prefixDirsPsr4[$search])) {
                        $pathEnd = DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . substr($logicalPathPsr4, $lastPos + 1);
                        foreach ($this->prefixDirsPsr4[$search] as $dir) {
                            if (file_exists($file = $dir . $pathEnd)) {
                                return $file;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            // PSR-4 fallback dirs
            foreach ($this->fallbackDirsPsr4 as $dir) {
                if (file_exists($file = $dir . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $logicalPathPsr4)) {
                    return $file;
                }
            }

            // PSR-0 lookup
            if (false !== $pos = strrpos($class, &#39;\\&#39;)) {
                // namespaced class name
                $logicalPathPsr0 = substr($logicalPathPsr4, 0, $pos + 1)
                    . strtr(substr($logicalPathPsr4, $pos + 1), &#39;_&#39;, DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR);
            } else {
                // PEAR-like class name
                $logicalPathPsr0 = strtr($class, &#39;_&#39;, DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR) . $ext;
            }

            if (isset($this->prefixesPsr0[$first])) {
                foreach ($this->prefixesPsr0[$first] as $prefix => $dirs) {
                    if (0 === strpos($class, $prefix)) {
                        foreach ($dirs as $dir) {
                            if (file_exists($file = $dir . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $logicalPathPsr0)) {
                                return $file;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            // PSR-0 fallback dirs
            foreach ($this->fallbackDirsPsr0 as $dir) {
                if (file_exists($file = $dir . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $logicalPathPsr0)) {
                    return $file;
                }
            }

            // PSR-0 include paths.
            if ($this->useIncludePath && $file = stream_resolve_include_path($logicalPathPsr0)) {
                return $file;
            }

            return false;
        }
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4. findFile () 函数先在 classMap 中查找,如果找不到的话就会尝试在 apcu 缓存中查找,如果还是找不到的话就会调用 findFileWithExtension () 函数查找,如果找到了就会将该文件加到 apcu 缓存,如果找不到的话就会在 missingClasses 数组中设一个标记表示识这个类找不到

findFileWithExtension()方法根据之前通过 −> (loader−>set(namespace, ℎ)和path)和loader->setPsr4( ,namespace,path)方法设置的信息找出类文件的路径信息

5. 在上面有的地方用到了 spl_autoload_register 和 spl_autoload_unregister 函数

1. spl_autoload_register 函数

1.spl_autoload_register — 注册给定的函数作为 __autoload 的实现,

bool spl_autoload_register ([ callable                 [,    autoloadfunction[,boolthrow = true [, bool $prepend = false ]]] )
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2.prepend

如果是 true,spl_autoload_register () 会添加函数到队列之首,而不是队列尾部。

3.如果在你的程序中已经实现了 autoload () 函数,它必须显式注册到 autoload () 队列中。因为 spl_autoload_register () 函数会将 Zend Engine 中的__autoload () 函数取代为 spl_autoload () 或 spl_autoload_call ()

例:

function __autoload($name) { require  &#39;class/&#39;.$name.&#39;.php&#39;; echo  &#39;1&#39;; } function autoload_test($name) { echo  &#39;2&#39;; } spl_autoload_register(&#39;autoload_test&#39;); spl_autoload_register(&#39;__autoload&#39;); $ca=new Ca();
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2. spl_autoload_unregister 函数

spl_autoload_unregister — 注销已注册的 autoload () 函数,如果该函数队列处于激活状态,并且在给定函数注销后该队列变为空,则该函数队列将会变为无效。如果该函数注销后使得自动装载函数队列无效,即使存在有 autoload 函数它也不会自动激活。

bool spl_autoload_unregister ( mixed $autoload_function )
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