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php 全局变量global的使用方法

May 25, 2016 pm 04:51 PM
global php global variables

PHP默认定义了一些"超级全局(Superglobals)"变量,这些变量自动全局化,而且能够在程序的任何地方中调用,比如$_GET和$ _REQUEST等等,它们通常都来自数据或者其他外部数据,使用这些变量通常是不会产生问题的,因为他们基本上是不可写的。

但是你可以使用你自己的全局变量。使用关键字"global"你就可以把全局数据导入到一个函数的局部范围内,如果你不明白"变量使用范围",请你自己参考PHP手册上的相关说明。

下面是一个使用"global"关键字的演示例子:

<?php
$my_var = &#39;Hello World&#39;;
test_global();
function test_global() {
    // Now in local scope
    // the $my_var variable doesn&#39;t exist
    // Produces error: "Undefined variable: my_var"
    echo $my_var;
    // Now let&#39;s important the variable
    global $my_var;
    // Works:
    echo $my_var;
}
?>
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正如你在上面的例子中看到的一样,"global"关键字是用来导入全局变量的,看起来它工作的很好,而且很简单,那么为什么我们还要担心使用"global"关键字来定义全局数据呢,我来给处入行的人讲解一下全局变量global的使用,"全局变量",这个名词中的全局两个字已经告诉我们这个变量在各个地方都能用,先看一个实例:

<?php
$w3sky = 1;
$w3sky2 = 2;
function Sum() {
    global $w3sky, $w3sky2;
    $w3sky2 = $w3sky + $w3sky2;
}
Sum();
echo $w3sky2;
?>	
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结果: 3

如果没有全局变量global在方法内是不能获得$a,$b值的,所以在方法里面想用外面的变量就需要先声明这个变量为全局变量,这样就可以使用了,很方便吧。

<?php
$w3sky = 1;
$w3sky2 = 2;
function Sum() {
    global $w3sky, $w3sky2;
    $w3sky2 = $w3sky + $w3sky2;
}
Sum();
echo $w3sky2;
?>
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以上脚本的输出将是"3",在函数中申明了全局变量 $w3sky 和 $w3sky2,任何变量的所有引用变量都会指向到全局变量,对于一个函数能够申明的全局变量的最大个数,PHP 没有限制。

在全局范围内访问变量的第二个办法,是用特殊的 PHP 自定义 $GLOBALS 数组,前面的例子可以写成:使用 $GLOBALS 替代 global

<?php
$w3sky = 1;
$w3sky2 = 2;
function Sum() {
    $GLOBALS[&#39;w3sky&#39;] = $GLOBALS[&#39;w3sky&#39;] + $GLOBALS[&#39;w3sky2&#39;];
}
Sum();
echo $w3sky2;
?>	
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在 $GLOBALS 数组中,每一个变量为一个元素,键名对应变量名,值对应变量的内容。$GLOBALS 之所以在全局范围内存在,是因为 $GLOBALS 是一个超全局变量。以下范例显示了超全局变量的用处:

演示超全局变量和作用域的例子

<?php
function test_global() {
    // 大多数的预定义变量并不 "super",它们需要用 &#39;global&#39; 关键字来使它们在函数的本地区域中有效。
    global $HTTP_POST_VARS;
    echo $HTTP_POST_VARS[&#39;name&#39;]; // Superglobals 在任何范围内都有效,它们并不需要 &#39;global&#39; 声明。Superglobals 是在 PHP 4.1.0 引入的。
    echo $_POST[&#39;name&#39;];
}
?>	
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global 也就是说在一个文件里 只要你声明为global $db 那么在声明的下面,你就可以引用这个$db了.

<?php
function SayMyABCs2() {
    global $count;
    while ($count < 10) {
        print (chr(ord(&#39;A&#39;) + $count));
        $count = $count + 1;
    }
    print ("<br>Now I know $count letters<br>");
}
$count = 0;
SayMyABCs2();
$count = $count + 1;
print ("Now I&#39;ve made $count function call(s).<br>");
SayMyABCs2();
$count = $count + 1;
print ("Now I&#39;ve made $count function call(s).<br>");
?>
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output:

ABCDEFGHIJ  //第一次循环依次打印10个大写字母

Now I know 10 letters

Now I've made 11 function call(s). //第二次由于条件大于10则不执行循环

Now I know 11 letters

Now I've made 12 function call(s).

由于global对变量的声明,现在只有一个$count变量,它在函数内和函数外都被增值了,当第二次调用SayMyABCs2()时,$count已经是11了,因此根本不会进入打印字母的循环,在函数内定义的变量的作用域默认情况下是局限于该函数的,使用global声明,就可以通知PHP,现在需要让一个变量名和它在函数外环境中有同样的含义。

声明格式:global

$count1,$count2,...,$count\n;

global在另一方面又很有用,尤其是因为PHP提供了一些变量,可在其代码执行之前绑到每个页面上,它能够让函数看到这些变量,而省去了每次在调用中把它们作为参数传入函数这一麻烦

永久地址:

转载随意~请带上教程地址吧^^

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