php异常错误处理机制与错误处理
在php中我们用到最常用的错误机制有try catch{}这个来处理可以很方便面的捕捉到错误,但在php中对于很多还提供了错误查看和错误关闭这个可以在php.ini中处理也可以在文件最开始加个error_display(0);来不显示错误.
代码如下:
<?php $a = fopen('test.txt', 'r'); //这里并没有对文件进行判断就打开了,如果文件不存在就会报错 ?>
那么正确的写法应该如下:
<?php if (file_exists('test.txt')) { $f = fopen('test.txt', 'r'); //使用完后关闭 fclose($f); } ?>
一、PHP错误处理的三种方式A、简单的die()语句;等价于exit();例:
if(!file_exists('aa.txt')){ die('文件不存在'); } else { //执行操作 } //如果上面die()被触发,那么这里echo接不被执行 echo 'ok';
简洁写法:
file_exits('aaa.txt') or die('文件不存在'); echo 'ok';
B、自定义错误和错误触发器
1、错误处理器(自定义错误,一般用于语法错误处理),创建自定义错误函数(处理器),该函数必须有能力处理至少两个参数(error_level和errormessage),但是可以接受最多五个参数(error_file、error_line、error_context) 语法:
function error_function($error_level,$error_message,$error_file,$error_line,$error_context) //创建好后还需要改写set_error_handler();函数 set_error_handler('error_function',E_WARNING);//这里error_function对应上面创建的自定义处理器名,第二个参数为使用自定义错误处理器的错误级别;
错误报告级别(了解即可),这些错误报告级别是错误处理程序旨在处理的错误的不同的类型:
值 常量 描述
2 E_WARNING 非致命的 run-time 错误。不暂停脚本执行。
8 E_NOTICE Run-time 通知,脚本发现可能有错误发生,但也可能在脚本正常运行时发生。
256 E_USER_ERROR 致命的用户生成的错误。这类似于程序员使用 PHP 函数 trigger_error() 设置的 E_ERROR。
512 E_USER_WARNING 非致命的用户生成的警告。这类似于程序员使用 PHP 函数 trigger_error() 设置的 E_WARNING。
1024 E_USER_NOTICE 用户生成的通知。这类似于程序员使用 PHP 函数 trigger_error() 设置的 E_NOTICE。
4096 E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR 可捕获的致命错误。类似 E_ERROR,但可被用户定义的处理程序捕获。(参见 set_error_handler())
8191 E_ALL 所有错误和警告,除级别 E_STRICT 以外,(在 PHP 6.0,E_STRICT 是 E_ALL 的一部分)
2、错误触发器(一般用于处理逻辑上的错误),需求:比如要接收一个年龄,如果数字大于120,就认为是一个错误,传统方法:
if($age>120){ echo '年龄错误';exit(); } 使用触发器: if($age>120){ //trigger_error('错误信息'[,'错误等级']);这里错误等级为可选项,用于定义该错误的级别 //用户定义的级别包含以下三种:E_USER_WARNING 、E_USER_ERROR 、E_USER_NOTICE trigger_error('年龄错误');//这里是调用的系统默认的错误处理方式,我们也可以用自定义处理器 } //自定义处理器,与上面相同 function myerror($error_level,$error_message){ echo 'error text'; } //同时需要改变系统默认的处理函数 set_error_handler('myerror',E_USER_WARNING);//同上面,第一个参数为自定义函数的名称,第二个为错误级别【这里的错误级别通常为以下三种:E_USER_WARNING 、E_USER_ERROR 、E_USER_NOTICE】 //现在再使用trigger_error就可以使用自定义的错误处理函数了
练习题:
<?php date_default_timezone_set('PRC'); function myerror($error_level, $error_message) { $info = "错误号:$error_leveln"; $info.= "错误信息:$error_messagen"; $info.= '发生时间:' . date('Y-m-d H:i:s'); $filename = 'aa.txt'; if (!$fp = fopen($filename, 'a')) { '创建文件' . $filename . '失败'; } if (is_writeable($filename)) { if (!fwrite($fp, $info)) { echo '写入文件失败'; } else { echo '已成功记录错误信息'; } fclose($fp); } else { echo '文件' . $filename . '不可写'; } exit(); } set_error_handler('myerror', E_WARNING); $fp = fopen('aaa.txt', 'r'); ?>
C、错误日志
默认的根据php.ini中error_log配置,php向服务器的错误记录系统或文件发送错误记录。通过使用error_log()函数可以向文件或远程目的地发送错误记录;
语法:
error_log(error[,type,destination,headers])
type部分一般用3,表示在文件后面追加错误信息,而不会覆盖原内容
destination表示目的地,即存放的文件或远程目的地
如:error_log("$error_info",3,"errors.txt");
二、PHP异常处理【重点】
1、基本语法
try{ //可能出现错误或异常的代码 //catch 捕获 Exception是php已定义好的异常类 } catch(Exception $e){ //对异常处理,方法: //1、自己处理 //2、不处理,将其再次抛出 }
2、处理处理程序应当包括:Try - 使用异常的函数应该位于 "try" 代码块内。如果没有触发异常,则代码将照常继续执行。但是如果异常被触发,会抛出一个异常。
Throw - 这里规定如何触发异常。每一个 "throw" 必须对应至少一个 "catch"
Catch - "catch" 代码块会捕获异常,并创建一个包含异常信息的对象
让我们触发一个异常:
<?php //创建可抛出一个异常的函数 function checkNum($number) { if ($number > 1) { throw new Exception("Value must be 1 or below"); } return true; } //在 "try" 代码块中触发异常 try { checkNum(2); //如果异常被抛出,那么下面一行代码将不会被输出 echo 'If you see this, the number is 1 or below'; } catch(Exception $e) { //捕获异常 echo 'Message: ' . $e->getMessage(); } ?>
上面代码将获得类似这样一个错误:Message: Value must be 1 or below
例子解释:上面的代码抛出了一个异常,并捕获了它,创建 checkNum() 函数,它检测数字是否大于 1。如果是,则抛出一个异常,在 "try" 代码块中调用 checkNum() 函数。
checkNum() 函数中的异常被抛出,"catch" 代码块接收到该异常,并创建一个包含异常信息的对象 ($e),通过从这个 exception 对象调用 $e->getMessage(),输出来自该异常的错误消息,不过,为了遵循“每个 throw 必须对应一个 catch”的原则,可以设置一个顶层的异常处理器来处理漏掉的错误。
set_exception_handler()函数可设置处理所有未捕获异常的用户定义函数
//设置一个顶级异常处理器 代码如下 复制代码 function myexception($e){ echo 'this is top exception'; } //修改默认的异常处理器 set_exception_handler("myexception"); try{ $i=5; if($i<10){ throw new exception('$i must greater than 10'); } }catch(Exception $e){ //处理异常 echo $e->getMessage().'<br/>'; //不处理异常,继续抛出 throw new exception('errorinfo'); //也可以用throw $e 保留原错误信息; }
创建一个自定义的异常类
class customException extends Exception{ public function errorMessage(){ //error message $errorMsg = 'Error on line '.$this->getLine().' in '.$this->getFile().': <b>'.$this->getMessage().'</b> is not a valid E-Mail address'; return $errorMsg; } } //使用 try{ throw new customException('error message'); }catch(customException $e){ echo $e->errorMsg(); }
可以使用多个catch来返回不同情况下的错误信息
try{ $i=5; if($i>0){ throw new customException('error message');//使用自定义异常类处理 } if($i<-10){ throw new exception('error2');//使用系统默认异常处理 } }catch(customException $e){ echo $e->getMessage(); }catch(Exception $e1){ echo $e1->getMessage(); }
catch处理错误观点是我们开发中常用的也是php5以后加进来的,在php4时是没有这个功能的,随着重php不断状态关于很多功能会更全面。
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