What are the basic linux commands?
Linux basic commands are: 1. pwd is to display the current path; 2. rmdir is to delete an empty directory; 3. ls is to view directory or file information; 4. vi is a text editor; 5. cp is to copy ; 6. mv means moving; 7. rm means deleting files or directories; 8. find means searching for files.
[Related learning recommendations: linux video tutorial]
The basic Linux commands are:
1.pwd: Display the current path
cd: Switch directory
Usage: cd
cd ../ switch to Parent directory
cd / Switch to the root directory
cd ~ (or only cd) Switch to the current user home directory (a folder named after the user name under home) /root directory
mkdir Create directory
mkdir directory name -p Create directory recursively
2.rmdir: Delete empty directory
Usage: rmdir directory name
Also available: rm -rf directory name
3.ls: View directory or file information
Main options:
-l List directory or file details. For example, permissions, modification time, etc.
-a List all files in the current directory, including hidden files (the ones with the beginning are hidden files)
4.vi Text Editor
Type i to enter the editing state
Exit editing and press the ESC key
Exit without saving: :q!
Save and exit: :wq
Enter / to enter the search
Enter: set nu to display the number of lines in each line
Press G on the keyboard to directly navigate to the end
5.cp Copy
Usage: cp [Option] File name or directory Target address
-R Copy directory And all directories and files in the directory
cp a.txt b.txt Copy file a and rename it to file b (directory name)
6.mv move
Usage: mv file name or directory target directory
mv a.txt ../ Move a file to the upper-level directory (move Move a file to another directory without renaming)
mv a.txt ../b.txt Move file a to the upper level and rename it to file b (move a file to another directory and rename it Name)
7.rm Delete file or directory
-f Forced deletion
-r Delete directory
Commonly used: rm -rf file or directory
8.find Find the file
Usage: find [path] [option]
Commonly used options are:
find . -name *.log Find the file ending with .log in the current directory
find / -name log Find the file named log in the root directory Directory
9.grep Filter
Find the character (string) in the specified file and print the line
Usage: grep string file name
grep band file Find the band string in the file file
10.cat Display the content of the text file
Usage: cat file name cat file name
11.head View the first few lines
Usage: head -n 5 File name
12.tail Write the file to the standard output starting from the specified point
tail -n 5 file name View the last few lines
tail -f error.log Keep refreshing and see the latest content
13.ps View process(Dynamic)
-ef Display all running processes and display the command to start the process
14.netstat View network status(net status abbreviation)
netstat -apn View all ports
an, arrange the output in a certain order
p, indicating which process is calling
15.| Pipe character (vertical bar, |\ on the shift keyboard in English input method mode)
Establish a pipeline between commands and transfer the output of the previous command As the input of the following command
Find the tomcat process through the command: ps -ef | grep tomcat
Find the process number occupying this port through the command: netstat -apn|grep 8080
16.echo prints file content or edits file content
Common options are:
-n output without line breaks
-e can use escape characters (\n carriage return, \t tab key)
Example:
echo "I am studying linux">>xujun.txt append to the end of the file Content
echo $? If the return value is 0, it means the last command was successful. If it is 1 to 255, it is a failure
echo -e “wo\tshi\tshei”> xujun.txt
17.touch creation A blank file, if the current directory has the same file, the timestamp of the file will be updated
-a Modify the access time
-m Modify the modify time You can understand these two parameters
18.uname Check the system
-m Check the operating system of the system
-r View the system kernel version
-a View the detailed system kernel version and system operating system
19.rz Upload
If there is no such command in the system, use yum install lrzsz to install
-y to overwrite
Enter rz directly to upload the file
20.sz download
If there is no such command in the system, use yum install lrzsz to install
-y to overwrite
sz -y test.txt
21.su Switch user
su root
22.history View command history
23.chmod permission grant command
-R recursively changes the permissions of all subdirectories and files in the directory
Number mode: r=4 w=2 x=1
chmod 777 lemon
24.tar Decompress and compress tar.gz
tar -czvf test.tar.gz test
Compress the test folder into test.tar.gz
tar -xzvf test.tar.gz
Compress test.tar .gz decompress to get the test folder
25.zip Decompress and compress zip
zip –r test.zip test
Compress the test folder into test.zip, you must use r to compress the file, otherwise an empty folder will be generated
unzip test.zip
Extract the test.zip folder
26. Turn off the firewall
Enable: service iptables start
Close: service iptables stop
27. View the file from end to end
tac
28.shutdown Shutdown
Permanently turn off the firewall
Turn on: chkconfig iptables on
Turn off: chkconfig iptables off
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