How to use IP proxy in python
python用IP代理的方法:首先创建代理ip对象;然后定制一个opener对象;接着urlopen就一直使用这个代理地址;最后发出请求时,就是用到这个代理地址了。
【相关学习推荐:python教程】
python用IP代理的方法:
python使用代理的方法有两种
1.
1 #先创建代理ip对象 2 proxy_support = urllib.request.ProxyHandler({'https':'117.64.149.137:808'}) 3 4 #定制一个opener对象 5 opener = urllib.request.build_opener(proxy_support) 6 7 #安装这个opener对象,以后的urlopen就一直使用这个代理地址了 8 urllib.request.install_opener(opener) 9 10 #发出请求时,就是用到这个代理地址了 11 html = urllib.request.urlopen('xxxxxxxxxx').read()
2.
1 #先创建代理ip对象 2 proxy_support = urllib.request.ProxyHandler({'https':'117.64.149.137:808'}) 3 4 #定制一个opener对象 5 opener = urllib.request.build_opener(proxy_support) 6 7 #这里可以直接使用opener对象发出请求 8 html = opener.open('xxxxxxxxx').read()
示例代码:
1 import urllib.request 2 3 #这一段三句话是为了请求时带上浏览器标识,因为有的网站看到是爬虫的标识直接返回403 4 #请求的网站不涉及到提交数据,所以没有给出data参数 5 url = 'https://whatismyipaddress.com/' 6 header = {'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/71.0.3578.98 Safari/537.36'} 7 req = urllib.request.Request(url,headers=header) 8 9 #使用代理和还原不使用代理的方法 10 #if语句相当于一个开关,不要写成True 11 use_proxy = urllib.request.ProxyHandler({'https':'117.64.149.137:808'}) 12 null_proxy = urllib.request.ProxyHandler() 13 if True: 14 opener = urllib.request.build_opener(use_proxy) 15 else: 16 opener = urllib.request.build_opener(null_proxy) 17 #根据上面的开关,安装的opener对象是否带有代理地址 18 urllib.request.install_opener(opener) 19 20 #获取返回结果 21 #同时可以使用html = opener.open(req).read()获取结果 22 html = urllib.request.urlopen(req).read() 23 24 #这网页返回页面的内容太多,在控制台不好查看, 25 #并且返回的内容是二进制格式,可以直接写入文件,当个网页查看 26 with open('E:\\whatismyip.html','wb') as file: 27 file.write(html) 28 print('OK')
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