How to partition, format and mount disk under Linux

When our server disk space is almost full, we may need to add a new disk. However, adding a new disk cannot be used immediately. It requires a series of operations: disk partitioning, formatting, mounting, etc.

Now, let me tell you how to add a new partition to the linux system

Partition

Before partitioning we To find the new disk name. Using lsblk

# lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
vda    253:0    0   40G  0 disk 
└─vda1 253:1    0   40G  0 part /
vdb    253:16   0  200G  0 disk    <===== 我们需要对这块磁盘进行分区
├─vdb1 253:17   0   50G  0 part /data
└─vdb2 253:18   0  100G  0 part /www

, you can see that there is 50G of remaining space on the vdb disk. The next step is to partition the disk. You need to use the fdisk or gdisk command.

# fdisk /dev/vdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help):  <=== 输入m可以获得帮助信息，常见有p打印分区情况，n新增分区，d删除分区，w保存

## 然后我们输入n
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
   p   primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
   e   extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p):  <=== 这里我们就用default,如果主分区已经有了三了个，那么建议使用e
Using default response p.
Partition number (3,4, default 3):  <=== 继续enter
First sector (314574848-419430399, default 314574848):  <=== 继续enter
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (314574848-419430399, default 419430399):
# 因为我们想使用掉所有剩余空间，所以直接enter，如果是想要指定大小，可以输入+1G这样
Command (m for help):w  <=== 最后填入w保存配置

Now we check whether the new partition has come out

# lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
vda    253:0    0   40G  0 disk 
└─vda1 253:1    0   40G  0 part /
vdb    253:16   0  200G  0 disk 
├─vdb1 253:17   0   50G  0 part /data
├─vdb2 253:18   0  100G  0 part /www
└─vdb3 253:19   0   50G  0 part <===== 出现了一个新的分区

Before formatting the partition, we re-read the kernel partition table

partprobe

# cat /proc/partitions 
major minor  #blocks  name

253        0   41943040 vda
253        1   41941999 vda1
253       16  209715200 vdb
253       17   52428800 vdb1
253       18  104857600 vdb2
253       19   52427776 vdb3  <=== 已经出来了

Formatting

Formatting is for writing to the file system. Formatting is very simple, just use the mkfs. file system name.

# mkfs.xfs /dev/vdb3
 ……

Mount

After formatting, the file system has been written to the new partition, but the partition cannot be used yet. It still needs to be Go and mount the partition to an empty directory. We will use the empty directory /mnt as the mount point

# mount /dev/vdb3  /mnt

At this point, you can use the new partition. Let’s use the df command to check and see:

# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs        3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs           3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           3.9G  528K  3.9G   1% /run
tmpfs           3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1        40G   19G   22G  47% /
/dev/vdb1        50G  466M   50G   1% /data
/dev/vdb2       100G   27G   74G  27% /www
tmpfs           782M     0  782M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/vdb3        50G  390M   50G   1% /mnt    <===== 已经有了

Automatically mount at boot

Now this partition is mounted to the /mnt directory, it has It can be used, but every time you restart the server, you need to remount the partition. Is there any way to make it automatically mount when booting? Yes, there is a file specifically used for boot mounting. This file is the /etc/fstab file. Open this file and look at its format

UUID=e32cfa7a-df48-4031-8fdf-5eec92ee3039 /                       xfs     defaults        0 0

There are a total of 6 parameters in each line, and their meanings are as follows:

[设备名/UUID/卷标名等]    [挂载点]    [文件系统]     [文件系统参数]    [是否备份]   [是否检测硬盘]

Below, we are in this file Just like new additions, first we need to know the UUID of the file system (UUID is recommended)

# blkid
/dev/vda1: UUID="e32cfa7a-df48-4031-8fdf-5eec92ee3039" TYPE="xfs" PARTUUID="1863aa79-01"
/dev/vdb1: UUID="d997ce14-6822-4719-9476-15e6b0cec59d" TYPE="xfs" PARTUUID="a5f349fa-01"
/dev/vdb2: UUID="47685195-e6e1-4761-b7f8-26104218f3d7" TYPE="xfs" PARTUUID="a5f349fa-02"
/dev/vdb3: UUID="d95d50fa-a7a9-4cc4-ae41-a9081821f089" TYPE="xfs" PARTUUID="a5f349fa-03"   <=== 在这里

Now add a new line in /etc/fstab, the content is as follows

UUID=d95d50fa-a7a9-4cc4-ae41-a9081821f089  /mnt  xfs  defaults  0 2

Note: Modification /etc/fstab file, remember to use mount -a to check if there are any syntax errors. If there are errors, it will cause abnormal booting

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