The following is the centos introductory tutorial column to share with you a complete list of CentOS basic commands. I hope it will be helpful to friends in need!
1. Shutdown (system shutdown, restart and logout) commands
shutdown -h now Shut down the system(1)
init 0 Shut down the system(2)
telinit 0 Shut down the system(3)
shutdown -h hours:minutes & Shut down the system according to the scheduled time
shutdown -c Cancel shut down the system according to the scheduled time
shutdown -r now Restart(1)
reboot Restart(2)
logout Logout
2. Command to view system information
arch Display the processor architecture of the machine (1)
uname -m displays the processor architecture of the machine (2)
uname -r displays the kernel version being used
dmidecode - q Display hardware system components - (SMBIOS/DMI)
hdparm -i /dev/hda List the architectural characteristics of a disk
hdparm - tT /dev/sda Perform a test read operation on the disk
cat /proc/cpuinfo Display CPU info information
cat / proc/interrupts Display interrupts
cat /proc/meminfo Verify memory usage
cat /proc/swaps Display which swaps are used
cat /proc/version displays the kernel version
cat /proc/net/dev displays network adapter and statistics
cat /proc/mounts Display mounted file systems
lspci -tv List PCI devices
lsusb -tv display USB device
date Display the system date
cal 2007 Display the calendar for 2007
date 041217002007.00 Set date and time - month, day, hour, minute, year.second
clock -w Save time modification to BIOS
3 .File and directory operation commands
cd /home Enter the '/ home' directory'
cd .. Return to the previous level Directory
cd ../.. Return to the upper two-level directory
cd Enter the personal home directory
cd ~user1 Enter the personal home directory
cd - Return to the last directory
pwd Display working path
ls View the files in the directory
ls -F View the files in the directory
ls - l Display details of files and directories
ls -a Display hidden files
mkdir dir1 Create a directory called 'dir1''
mkdir dir1 dir2 Create two directories at the same time
mkdir -p /tmp/dir1/dir2 Create a directory tree
rm -f file1 Delete a file called 'file1'
rmdir dir1 Delete a directory called 'dir1'
rm -rf dir1 Delete a directory called 'dir1' and delete its contents at the same time
rm -rf dir1 dir2 Delete two directories and their contents at the same time
mv dir1 new_dir Rename/move a directory
cp file1 file2 Copy a file
cp dir /* . Copy all files in a directory to the current working directory
cp -a /tmp/dir1 . Copy a directory to the current working directory
cp -a dir1 dir2 Copy a directory
ln -s file1 lnk1 Create a soft link pointing to a file or directory
ln file1 lnk1 Create a physical link to a file or directory
touch file1 Create a file
4. File search command
find / -name file1 Enter the root file system starting from '/' to search for files and directories
find / -user user1 Search for files and directories belonging to user 'user1'
find /home/user1 -name \*.bin Search for files and directories with Files ending with '.bin'
find /usr/bin -type f -atime 100 Search for executable files that have not been used in the past 100 days
find /usr/bin -type f -mtime -10 Search for files that were created or modified within 10 days
locate \*.ps Find files ending with '.ps' file at the end - run the 'updatedb' command first
whereis file displays the location of a binary file, source code or man
which file displays a Full path to binary or executable file
5. View file contents
cat file1 from the first Bytes start to view the contents of the file in the forward direction
tac file1 View the contents of a file in the reverse direction starting from the last line
more file1 View one Contents of long files
less file1 Similar to the 'more' command, but it allows reverse operations on the file as well as forward operations
head -2 file1 View the first two lines of a file
tail -2 file1 View the last two lines of a file 5. Mount command
mount /dev/hda2 /mnt/hda2 Mount a disk called hda2 (Note: Make sure the directory '/mnt/hda2' already exists)
umount /dev/hda2 Uninstall A disk called hda2 (exit from the mount point '/mnt/hda2' first)
fuser -km /mnt/hda2 Forced unmount when the device is busy
umount -n /mnt/hda2 Runs the unmount operation without writing the /etc/mtab file (very useful when the file is read-only or when the disk is full)
mount /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy Mount a floppy disk
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom Mount a CD
mount /dev/hdc /mnt/cdrecorder Mount a cdrw or dvdrom
mount /dev/hdb /mnt/cdrecorder Mount a cdrw or dvdrom
mount -o loop file.iso /mnt/cdrom Mount a file or ISO image file
mount -t vfat /dev/hda5 /mnt/hda5 mount Mount a Windows FAT32 file system
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/usbdisk Mount a USB disk or flash device
mount - t smbfs -o username=user,password=pass //WinClient/share /mnt/share Mount a windows network share
6. Disk space operation commands
df -h Display the mounted partition list
ls -lSr |more Arrange files and directories by size
du -sh dir1 Estimate the used disk space of directory 'dir1'
du -sk * | sort -rn Sort by capacity Display the size of files and directories
7. User and group related commands
groupadd group_name Create a new user Group
groupdel group_name Delete a user group
groupmod -n new_group_name old_group_name Rename a user group
useradd -c "Name Surname " -g admin -d /home/user1 -s /bin/bash user1 Create a user belonging to the "admin" user group
useradd user1 Create a new user
userdel -r user1 Delete a user ('-r' also deletes the home directory)
passwd user1 Modify a user User's password (only allowed to be executed by root)
##chage -E 2005-12-31 user1 Set the expiration period of the user password
##ls - lh show permissionchmod 777 directory1 Sets the permissions of the directory owner (u), group (g) and others (o) to read (r), write (w) and execute (x) chmod 700 directory1 Delete the read, write and execute permissions of the group (g) and others (o) on the directory chown user1 file1 Change the ownership of a file The human attribute is use1. chown -R user1 directory1 changes the owner attribute of a directory and simultaneously changes the attributes of all files in the directory to be owned by use1 chgrp group1 file1 changes the group of the file to group1 chown user1:group1 file1 changes the owner and group attributes of a file. The group it belongs to is group1 and the user is use1. find / -perm -u s List all files controlled by SUID in a system chmod u s /bin/file1 Set up a binary File's SUID bit - The user running the file is also granted the same permissions as the owner chmod u-s /bin/file1 Disables the SUID bit of a binary file chmod g s /home/public Set the SGID bit of a directory - similar to SUID, but this is for the directory chmod g-s /home/public Disable a directory SGID bit chmod o t /home/public Set the STIKY bit on a file - only allows legitimate owners to delete the file chmod o-t /home /public disables the STIKY bit of a directory 8. Commands for packaging and decompressing files bunzip2 file1.bz2 Unzip a file called 'file1.bz2' bzip2 file1 Compress a file called 'file1' gunzip file1.gz Unzip a A file called 'file1.gz' ##gzip file1 Compress a file called 'file1' gzip -9 file1 Maximum compression rar a file1.rar test_file Create a package called 'file1.rar' rar a file1.rar file1 file2 dir1 Package 'file1 ', 'file2' and directory 'dir1' rar x file1.rar Unpack the rar package unrar x file1.rar Unpack the rar package tar -cvf archive.tar file1 Create a non-compressed tar package tar -cvf archive.tar file1 file2 dir1 Create a file containing 'file1', 'file2' 'dir1' package tar -tf archive.tar displays the contents of a package tar -xvf archive.tar releases a package tar -xvf archive.tar -C /tmp releases the compressed package to the /tmp directory (-c is the specified directory) tar -cvfj archive.tar.bz2 dir1 Create a compressed package in bzip2 format tar -xvfj archive.tar.bz2 Decompress a compressed package in bzip2 format Package tar -cvfz archive.tar.gz dir1 Create a compressed package in gzip format tar -xvfz archive.tar.gz Unzip A compressed package in gzip format zip file1.zip file1 Create a compressed package in zip format zip -r file1.zip file1 file2 dir1 Compress several files and directories into a zip format compressed package at the same time unzip file1.zip Decompress a zip format compressed package 9. Commands about RPM packages rpm -ivh package.rpm Install an rpm package rpm -ivh --nodeeps package.rpm Install an rpm package and ignore dependency warnings rpm -U package.rpm Update an rpm package without changing its configuration file rpm -F package.rpm Update an rpm package that has been installed rpm -e package_name.rpm Delete an rpm package rpm -qa displays all installed rpm packages in the system rpm -qa | grep httpd displays all rpm packages whose names contain the word "httpd" rpm -qi package_name Get special information about an installed package rpm -ql package_name displays a list of files provided by an installed rpm package ##rpm -qc package_name displays a list of configuration files provided by an installed rpm package rpm -q package_name --whatrequires Displays a list of dependencies with an rpm package rpm -q package_name --whatprovides Displays an rpm package The volume occupied by the package rpm -q package_name --scripts Displays the scripts executed during installation/removal l rpm -qf /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf Confirm which rpm package the given file is provided by rpm --import /media/cdrom/ RPM-GPG-KEY Import the public key digital certificate rpm --checksig package.rpm Confirm the integrity of an rpm package rpm - qa gpg-pubkey Confirm the integrity of all installed rpm packages rpm -V package_name Check file size, license, type, owner, group, MD5 check and last modification time rpm -Va Check all installed rpm packages in the system - use with caution rpm -Vp package.rpm Confirm that an rpm package is still available Not installed rpm2cpio package.rpm | cpio --extract --make-directories *bin* Run executable file from an rpm package rpm -ivh /usr/src/redhat/RPMS/`arch`/package.rpm Install a built package from an rpm source code rpmbuild --rebuild package_name.src. rpm Build an rpm package from an rpm source code
10.YUM package upgrader yum localinstall package_name.rpm will install an rpm package, using your own software repository to resolve all dependencies for you yum update package_name.rpm Update all rpm packages installed in the current system yum update package_name Update an rpm package yum remove package_name Delete an rpm package yum list List all packages installed in the current system yum search package_name Search for software packages in the rpm repository yum clean packages Clean rpm cache and delete downloaded packages yum clean headers Delete all header files yum clean all Delete all cached packages and header files
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