Eight tips for writing JavaScript code!
1. 生成指定区间内的数字
有时候需要创建在某个数字范围内的数组。比如在选择生日时。以下是最简单的实现方法。
let start = 1900, end = 2000; [...new Array(end + 1).keys()].slice(start); // [ 1900, 1901, ..., 2000] // 也可以这样,但是大范围结果不稳定 Array.from({ length: end - start + 1 }, (_, i) => start + i);
2. 把值数组中的值作为函数的参数
有时候我们需要先把值放到数组中,然后再作为函数的参数进行传递。使用 ES6 语法可以只凭借扩展运算符(...)就可以把值从数组中提取出来: [arg1,arg2] => (arg1,arg2)。
const parts = { first: [0, 2], second: [1, 3], }; ["Hello", "World", "JS", "Tricks"].slice(...parts.second); // ["World", "JS", "Tricks"]
这个技巧在任何函数中都适用,请继续看第 3 条。
3. 把值数组中的值作为 Math 方法的参数
当需要在数组中找到数字的最大或最小值时,可以像下面这样做:
// 查到元素中的 y 位置最大的那一个值 const elementsHeight = [...document.body.children].map( el => el.getBoundingClientRect().y ); Math.max(...elementsHeight); // 输出最大的那个值 const numbers = [100, 100, -1000, 2000, -3000, 40000]; Math.min(...numbers); // -3000
4. 展平嵌套数组
Array 有一个名为 Array.flat 的方法,它需要一个表示深度的参数来展平嵌套数组(默认值为 1)。但是如果你不知道深度怎么办,这时候只需要将 Infinity 作为参数即可。另外还有一个很好用的 flatMap 方法。
const arrays = [[10], 50, [100, [2000, 3000, [40000]]]]; arrays.flat(Infinity); // [ 10, 50, 100, 2000, 3000, 40000 ]
5. 防止代码崩溃
如果在代码中存在不可预测的行为,后果是难以预料的,所以需要对其进行处理。
例如当你想要获取的属性为 undefined 或 null 时,会得到 TypeError 错误。
如果你的项目代码不支持可选链( optional chaining)的话,可以这样做:
const found = [{ name: "Alex" }].find(i => i.name === 'Jim'); console.log(found.name); // TypeError: Cannot read property 'name' of undefined
可以这样避免
const found = [{ name: "Alex" }].find(i => i.name === 'Jim') || {}; console.log(found.name); // undefined
不过这要视情况而定,对于小规模的代码进行处理完全没什么问题。不需要太多代码就可以处理它。
6. 传参的好方法
在 ES6 中可以把 模板字面量(Template literal) 当作是不带括号的函数的参数。这在进行格式化或转换文本的时非常好用。
const makeList = (raw) => raw .join() .trim() .split("\\n") .map((s, i) => `${i + 1}. ${s}`) .join("\\n"); makeList` Hello, World Hello, World `; // 1. Hello // 2. World
7. 像变戏法一样交换变量的值
通过解构赋值语法,可以轻松地交换变量。
let a = "hello"; let b = "world"; // 错误 ❌ a = b b = a // { a: 'world', b: 'world' } // 正确 ✅ [a, b] = [b, a]; // { a: 'world', b: 'hello' }
8. 遮蔽字符串
某些时候我们需要遮蔽字符串的一部分,当然不只是对密码做这种操作。下面代码中通过 substr(-3) 得到字符串的一部分,即从字符串末尾开始往前 3 个字符,然后再用你喜欢的字符填充剩余的位置(比如说用 *)
const password = "hackme"; password.substr(-3).padStart(password.length, "*"); // ***kme
结语
在编码时还需要保持代码整洁,平时注意积累在编码时所使到的技巧,并关注 JavaScript 的新增特性。

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