What are the commonly used file operations in java?
我们先来介绍一下字节流和字符流的概念及区别:
(学习视频分享:java教学视频)
区别字节流和字符流概念
字节流:字节流读取的时候,读到一个字节就返回一个字节;主要用于读取图片,MP3,AVI视频文件。
字符流:字符流使用了字节流读到一个或多个字节,如读取中文时,就会一次读取2个字节。只要是处理纯文本数据,就要优先考虑使用字符流。
字节流和字符流区别
字节流操作的基本单元为字节;字符流操作的基本单元为Unicode码元。字节流默认不使用缓冲区;字符流使用缓冲区。字节流通常用于处理二进制数据,实际上它可以处理任意类型的数据,但它不支持直接写入或读取Unicode码元;字符流通常处理文本数据,它支持写入及读取Unicode码元。
文件常用操作:
创建、删除文件夹
String path = "F:\\test"; File myFile = new File(path); if (!myFile.exists()) { // 创建文件夹 myFile.mkdir(); // myFile.mkdirs(); // 删除文件夹 myFile.delete(); } // mkdirs()可以建立多级文件夹, mkdir()只会建立一级的文件夹
创建、删除文件
String content = "Hello World"; // 第一种方法:根据文件路径和文件名 String path = "F:\\test"; String filename = "test.txt"; File myFile = new File(path,filename); // 第二种方法 String file = "F:\\test\\test.txt"; File myFile = new File(file); if (!myFile.exists()) { // 创建文件(前提是目录已存在,若不在,需新建目录即文件夹) myFile.createNewFile(); // 删除文件 myFile.delete(); }
写入文件
// 第一种:字节流FileOutputStream FileOutputStream fop = new FileOutputStream(myFile); byte[] contentInBytes = content.getBytes(); fop.write(contentInBytes); fop.flush(); fop.close(); // 第二种:FileWriter(参数true为追加内容,若无则是覆盖内容) FileWriter fw = new FileWriter(myFile,true); fw.write(content); fw.close(); // 第三种:BufferedWriter BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(myFile,true)); bw.write(content); bw.flush(); bw.close(); // 第四种:打印流PrintStream和PrintWriter // 字节打印流:PrintStream // 字符打印流:PrintWriter PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(new FileWriter(myFile,true)); pw.println(content); // 换行 pw.print(content); // 不换行 pw.close(); // 常用BufferedWriter和PrintWriter
读取文件
FileInputStream
// 第一种:以字节为单位读取文件,常用于读二进制文件,如图片、声音、影像等文件。 InputStream in = new FileInputStream(myFile); // 一次读一个字节 int tempbyte; while ((tempbyte = in.read()) != -1) { System.out.write(tempbyte); } in.close(); // 一次读多个字节 int byteread = 0; byte[] tempbytes = new byte[100]; ReadFromFile.showAvailableBytes(in); while ((byteread = in.read(tempbytes)) != -1) { System.out.write(tempbytes, 0, byteread); } // System.out.write()方法是字符流,System.out.println()方法是字节流
InputStreamReader
// 第二种:以字符为单位读取文件,常用于读文本,数字等类型的文件 Reader reader = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(myFile)); // 一次读一个字节 int tempchar; while ((tempchar = reader.read()) != -1) { // 对于windows下,\r\n这两个字符在一起时,表示一个换行。 // 但如果这两个字符分开显示时,会换两次行。 // 因此,屏蔽掉\r,或者屏蔽\n。否则,将会多出很多空行。 if (((char) tempchar) != '\r') { System.out.print((char) tempchar); } } reader.close(); // 一次读多个字节 char[] tempchars = new char[30]; int charread = 0; // 读入多个字符到字符数组中,charread为一次读取字符数 while ((charread = reader.read(tempchars)) != -1) { // 同样屏蔽掉\r不显示 if ((charread == tempchars.length) && (tempchars[tempchars.length - 1] != '\r')) { System.out.print(tempchars); } else { for (int i = 0; i < charread; i++) { if (tempchars[i] == '\r') { continue; } else { System.out.print(tempchars[i]); } } } }
BufferedReader
// 第三种:以行为单位读取文件,常用于读面向行的格式化文件 BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(myFile)); String tempString = null; int line = 1; // 一次读入一行,直到读入null为文件结束 while ((tempString = reader.readLine()) != null) { // 显示行号 System.out.println("line " + line + ": " + tempString); line++; } reader.close(); // 常用BufferedReader
遍历文件(以删除一个文件夹下所有文件为例)
File[] files=myFile.listFiles(); for(int i=0;i<files.length;i++){ if(files[i].isDirectory()){ files[i].delete(); } }
文件函数:
//判断文件是否存在 myFile.exists() //读取文件名称 myFile.getName() //读取文件路径(相对路径) myFile.getPath() //读取文件绝对路径 myFile.getAbsolutePath() //读取文件的父级路径 new File(myFile.getAbsolutePath()).getParent() //读取文件的大小 myFile.length() //判断文件是否被隐藏 myFile.isHidden() //判断文件是否可读 myFile.canRead() //判断文件是否可写 myFile.canWrite() //判断文件是否为文件夹 myFile.isDirectory()
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