What are the basic functions of a controller in a microcomputer?

The basic function of the controller in a microcomputer is to control the various components of the computer to work in a coordinated manner and execute the program correctly. The controller is the nerve center of the computer, directing all components in the machine to automatically coordinate their work. Under the control of the controller, the computer can automatically perform a series of operations according to the steps set by the program to complete specific tasks.

#Environment of this article: windows10, Dell G3.

In a microcomputer, the basic function of the controller is to control the various components of the computer to work in harmony and execute the program correctly.

The controller is the "decision-making body" that issues commands, that is, it coordinates and directs the operations of the entire computer system.

The controller is the nerve center of the computer, directing all components in the entire machine to automatically coordinate their work. Under the control of the controller, the computer can automatically perform a series of operations according to the steps set by the program to complete specific tasks

The main components inside the controller are as follows:

①Instruction register: stores instructions obtained from memory.

②Decoder: Translates the operation code in the instruction into a control signal.

③ Timing beat generator: Generates timing pulse beat signals to make the computer work rhythmically and orderly.

④Operation control components: combine control signals to control each component to complete the corresponding operation.

⑤Instruction counter: Calculate and point out the address of the next instruction.

Working process

(1) Get instructions. The address of the current instruction is stored in the program counter (PC) of the controller. The first step in executing an instruction is to send the address to the memory's address driver (not shown), fetch the instruction according to the address, and send it to the instruction register (Instruction Register, IR). at the same time. PC automatically adds 1. Get ready to take the next order.

(2) Analysis instructions. An instruction consists of two parts: one part is called the operation code (OP). Indicates what operation the instruction is to perform; the other part is called the data address code, which is used to indicate which address the data stored in is to be operated on. In the instruction analysis stage, the data address code must be sent to the memory to retrieve the required operands to the arithmetic unit. At the same time, the OP is sent to the instruction decoding component, which is translated into signals for which operations are to be performed on which components, and then the specified signals (and timing signals) are sent to the specified components through the operation control logic.

(3) Send operation control signal. The relevant operation control signals are sent to the relevant components according to the timing arrangement, so that the relevant components can complete the specified operations in the specified beat.

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