What are the three elements of network protocols?

The three elements of the network protocol: 1. Semantics, which explains the meaning of each part of the control information; it stipulates what kind of control information needs to be sent, as well as the completed action and what kind of response. 2. Grammar, that is, the structure and format of user data and control information, and the order in which data appears. 3. Timing, that is, a detailed description of the sequence of events.

#The operating environment of this article: windows10 system, thinkpad t480 computer.

Introduction to network protocols:

Network protocols are a collection of rules, standards or conventions established for data exchange in computer networks. For example, a microcomputer user communicates with a mainframe operator on the network. Since the two data terminals use different character sets, the commands entered by the operators do not understand each other.

In order to enable communication, it is stipulated that each terminal must first convert the characters in its own character set into the characters in the standard character set before entering the network for transmission. After reaching the destination terminal, it is then converted into the terminal character set. character of.

Of course, for incompatible terminals, in addition to changing the character set characters, other characteristics such as display format, line length, number of lines, screen scrolling method, etc. also need to be changed accordingly.

Three elements of network protocol:

• Semantics, semantics is to explain the meaning of each part of the control information. It specifies what control information needs to be sent, as well as the completed actions and responses.

• Grammar, grammar is the structure and format of user data and control information, and the order in which the data appears.

• Timing, timing is a detailed description of the order in which events occur. (Also known as "synchronization").

How the network protocol works:

Just like we speak in a certain language, each person on the network There is also a language between computers, which is the network protocol. Different computers must use the same network protocol to communicate. A network protocol is a collection of communication rules between all devices on the network (network servers, computers and switches, routers, firewalls, etc.). It stipulates the formats that information must use during communication and the meaning of these formats.

Most networks adopt a layered architecture. Each layer is built on the layer below it and provides certain services to the layer above it. The details of how to implement this service are The upper layer is shielded. The rules for layer n on one device to communicate with layer n on another device are layer n protocols. There are many protocols in each layer of the network. The protocols of the receiver and the sender at the same layer must be consistent, otherwise one party will not be able to recognize the information sent by the other party. Network protocols enable various devices on a network to exchange information with each other.

Commonly used network protocols:

• TCP/IP protocol is undoubtedly the most important of these three protocols One, as the basic protocol of the Internet, it is impossible to surf the Internet without it. Any operation related to the Internet is inseparable from the TCP/IP protocol. However, the TCP/IP protocol is also the most troublesome to configure among the three major protocols. It is fine to access the Internet from a single computer. However, if you access the Internet through a LAN, you need to set the IP address, gateway, subnet mask, DNS server and other parameters in detail.

• NetBEUI is NetBios Enhanced User Interface, or NetBios Enhanced User Interface. It is an enhanced version of the NetBIOS protocol and has been adopted by many operating systems, such as Windows for Workgroup, Win 9x series, Windows NT, etc. The NETBEUI protocol is useful in many situations and is the default protocol for operating systems before WINDOWS98. The NetBEUI protocol is a short and concise broadcast protocol with high communication efficiency. It does not require any settings after installation and is particularly suitable for transmitting data in "Network Neighborhoods". Therefore, it is recommended that in addition to the TCP/IP protocol, computers in small LANs can also be equipped with the NetBEUI protocol. Another thing to note is that if a WINDOWS98 machine with only the TCP/IP protocol installed wants to join the WINNT domain, the NetBEUI protocol must also be installed.

• The IPX/SPX protocol is originally a protocol developed by Novell specifically for use in NetWare networks, but it is also very commonly used - most online games support the IPX/SPX protocol, such as StarCraft Battle for Hegemony, Counter-Strike, etc. Although these games can also be connected through the TCP/IP protocol, it is obviously more troublesome to use the IPX/SPX protocol because no settings are required at all. In addition, the IPX/SPX protocol does not seem to be very useful in non-LAN networks. If you are sure that you will not play games online in a LAN, then this protocol is dispensable.

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