What are the basic components of a microcomputer hardware system?

The basic components of a microcomputer hardware system include CPU, memory, input devices and output devices. The microcomputer hardware system contains five important components: arithmetic unit, controller, memory, input device, and output device; and the controller and arithmetic unit together form the central processing unit (CPU). The main function of the arithmetic unit is to calculate and process data and information; the controller can be regarded as the brain and command center of the computer. It allows the various components of the computer to complete instructions in an orderly manner by integrating and analyzing relevant data and information.

#The operating environment of this article: windows10 system, thinkpad t480 computer.

The basic components of a microcomputer hardware system include CPU, memory, and input/output devices.

Microcomputer

Microcomputer is referred to as "microcomputer" or "microcomputer" because it has certain functions of the human brain , so it is also called a "microcomputer".

Microcomputers are small electronic computers composed of large-scale integrated circuits. It is a bare metal based on a microprocessor, equipped with internal memory, input and output (I/0) interface circuits and corresponding auxiliary circuits.

Features:

The characteristics of microcomputers are small size, high flexibility, low price and easy to use. Since the first generation of microcomputer IBM-PC was launched by IBM in the United States in 1981, microcomputers have rapidly entered various fields of society with their characteristics of accurate execution results, fast processing speed, high cost performance, lightness and compactness, etc., and technology has been constantly updated, and products have been rapidly replaced. , developed from a simple calculation tool into a powerful multimedia tool capable of processing numbers, symbols, text, language, graphics, images, audio, video and other information.

Microcomputer hardware system

referred to as "microcomputer system", which consists of a microcomputer, monitor, input and output equipment, power supply and control panel. computer system. Equipped with operating system, high-level language and various tool software.

Computer Hardware System

The so-called computer hardware refers to the various physical devices that make up the computer, specifically composed of five major functional components, namely: arithmetic unit, controller, memory, input devices, and output devices. The arithmetic unit and the controller can form a CPU.

1. Operator.

The main function of the arithmetic unit in computer hardware is to calculate and process data and information. The arithmetic unit includes the following parts: general register, status register, accumulator and key arithmetic logic unit. The operator can perform arithmetic calculations (addition, subtraction, multiplication and division) and logical operations (AND or NOT).

2. Controller.

The controller and arithmetic unit together form the central processing unit (CPU). The controller can be regarded as the brain and command center of the computer. It allows the various components of the computer to complete instructions in an orderly manner by integrating and analyzing relevant data and information.

3. Memory.

As the name suggests, memory is the memory system of the computer and the notepad in the computer system. Unlike a notepad, the memory can not only save information, but also accept different information in the computer system and read the saved information. Memory consists of main memory and auxiliary memory. Main memory is commonly known as memory and is divided into two parts: RAM and ROM. Auxiliary storage is external storage, but when the computer processes information in external storage, it must first exchange information between internal and external storage.

4. Input device.

Input devices and output devices are key devices for human-computer interaction. The emergence of input devices such as mice and keyboards has brought about earth-shaking changes to computers. There are two main types of existing mice: optical mice and mechanical mice. Through the mouse, we can easily position coordinates on the computer screen, and can operate graphics and software processing well, providing the greatest convenience for humans. The keyboard is also a very important input device. Most of the computer instructions are entered through the keyboard.

5. Output device.

The output device is also a key device for computer human-computer interaction. Its characteristic is that it can display computer information in the form of a picture, which is very intuitive. Common output devices include monitors, printers, voice and video output devices, etc.

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