What is nb-lot technology?

NB-IoT is Narrow Band-Internet of Things. It is an emerging technology in the field of IoT based on cellular narrowband Internet of Things. It supports cellular data connections of low-power devices in wide area networks. Also called low-power wide area network; it has the characteristics of low cost, low power consumption, and wide coverage.

#The operating environment of this tutorial: Windows 7 system, Dell G3 computer.

What is nb-lot technology?

NB-IoT (Narrow Band-Internet of Things, narrowband cellular Internet of Things) is an emerging technology in the field of IoT based on cellular narrowband Internet of Things, which supports low-power devices in cellular wide area networks. Data connection, also known as Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWA).

NB-IoT has the characteristics of low cost, low power consumption, and wide coverage (cellular network). It is positioned in the carrier-level, low-rate IoT market based on licensed spectrum. It is used in location tracking, environmental monitoring, and intelligent It has broad application prospects in areas such as parking, remote meter reading, agriculture and animal husbandry.

NB-IoT only consumes about 180KHz frequency band and can be directly deployed on GSM network, UMTS network or LTE network to support efficient connection of devices with short standby time and high network connection requirements. Its main features are wide coverage, multiple connections, low speed, low cost, low power consumption, and excellent architecture. NB-IOT uses License frequency bands and can be deployed in three ways: in-band, guard band or independent carrier.

The four main features of NB-IOT:

LPWA (Low Power Wide Area Network) can be divided into two categories: one is LoRa working in unlicensed spectrum , SigFox and other technologies; the other type is 2/3/4G cellular communication technologies supported by 3GPP that work under licensed spectrum, such as EC-GSM, LTE Cat-m, NB-IoT, etc. The representative technology under the licensed spectrum is NB-IOT, and the representative technology under the unlicensed spectrum is LoRa (Long Range). LoRa is a technology released by Semech specifically for radio modulation and demodulation. LoRa combines digital spread spectrum, digital signal processing and forward error correction coding technology. It is understood that there are currently millions of devices around the world. IoT nodes use this technology to connect to each other.

Illustration of various wireless communication technology rates and coverage distances

NB-IoT technology advantages:

NB-IoT technology is a 3GPP standard The defined LPWA (Low Power Wide Area Network) solution has the following advantages:

1. Massive connections: up to 100,000 connections per cell; NB-IoT is 50-100 times more powerful than 2G/3G/4G The uplink capacity has been increased, which means that with the same base station, NB-IoT can provide 50 to 100 times the number of access points than existing wireless technologies.

2. Ultra-low power consumption: battery life is up to ten years;

Low power consumption feature is an important indicator for Internet of Things applications, especially for some devices and occasions where batteries cannot be replaced frequently , such as various sensing and monitoring equipment placed in remote areas of high mountain wilderness, they cannot be charged once a day like smartphones, and battery life of several years is the most essential requirement. On the premise that no breakthrough can be made in battery technology, the only way to extend the battery power supply time is by reducing the power consumption of the device. The energy consumed by communication equipment is often related to the amount or rate of data, that is, the size of data packets sent per unit time determines the power consumption. The data volume is small, and the device's modem and amplifier can be adjusted to very small levels. NB-IoT focuses on small data volume and low-speed applications, so the power consumption of NB-IoT equipment can be very small, which can ensure the battery life of more than 5 years.

3. Deep coverage: It can achieve a coverage gain that is 20db higher than GSM;

NB-IoT has a 20dB gain higher than LTE, which is equivalent to a 100-fold increase in transmit power, that is, a 100-fold increase in coverage capability, even in underground garages, It can also cover places where signals are difficult to reach, such as basements and underground pipes.

4． Security: Inheriting 4G network security capabilities, supporting two-way authentication and strict air interface encryption to ensure the security of user data;

5. Stable and reliable: It can provide carrier-grade reliable access and effectively support IoT applications and smart city solutions.

NB- IoT is directly deployed on GSM network, UMTS network or LTE network, and can be reused with existing network base stations to reduce deployment costs and achieve smooth upgrades. However, it uses a separate 180KHz frequency band and does not occupy existing network base stations. The network's voice and data bandwidth ensures that traditional services and future IoT services can be carried out stably and reliably at the same time. Taking smart meter reading applications as an example, compared with the data recovery success rate of wired PLC meter reading, which is about 60%, NB-IoT can ensure a data recovery rate of 99%, greatly improving reliability.

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