How to build a web server with Node.js
使用nodejs搭建Web服务器是学习Node.js比较全面的入门教程，因为实现Web服务器需要用到几个比较重要的模块：http模块、文件系统、url解析模块、路径解析模块、以及301重定向技术等，下面我们就一起来学习如何搭建一个简单的Web服务器。
相关推荐：《nodejs 教程》
作为一个Web服务器应具备以下几个功能：
- 能显示以 .html/.htm 结尾的 Web 页面
- 能直接打开以 .js/.css/.json/.text 结尾的文件内容
- 显示图片资源
- 自动下载以 .apk/.docx/.zip 结尾的文件
- 形如 http://xxx.com/a/b/ , 则查找b目录下是否有index.html, 如果有就显示，如果没有就列出该目录下的所有文件及文件夹，并可以进一步访问。
- 形如 http://xxx.com/a/b, 则作301重定向到 http://xxx.com/a/b/ , 这样可以解决内部资源引用错位的问题。
引入需要用到的几个模块：
// http协议模块 var http = require('http'); // url解析模块 var url = require('url'); // 文件系统模块 var fs = require('fs'); // 路径解析模块 var path = require('path');
创建服务并在指定的端口监听：
// 创建一个服务
var httpServer = http.createServer(this.processRequest.bind(this));
// 在指定的端口监听服务
httpServer.listen(port, function() {
console.log('[HttpServer][Start]', 'runing at http://' + ip + ':' + port + '/');
console.timeEnd('[HttpServer][Start]');
});在创建服务的时候需要传递一个匿名函数 processRequest 对请求进行处理，processRequest接收两个参数，分别是 request 和 response, request 对象中包含了请求的所有内容，response 是用来设置响应头以及对客户端做出响应操作。
processRequest: function (request, response) {
varhasExt = true;
varrequestUrl = request.url;
varpathName = url.parse(requestUrl).pathname;
// 对请求的路径进行解码，防止中文乱码
pathName = decodeURI(pathName);
// 如果路径中没有扩展名
if(path.extname(pathName) === '') {
// 如果不是以/结尾的，加/并作301重定向
if(pathName.charAt(pathName.length-1) != '/'){
pathName += '/';
varredirect = 'http://'+ request.headers.host + pathName;
response.writeHead(301, {
location: redirect
});
response.end();
return;
}
// 添加默认的访问页面,但这个页面不一定存在,后面会处理
pathName += 'index.html';
hasExt = false; // 标记默认页面是程序自动添加的
}
// 获取资源文件的相对路径
varfilePath = path.join('http/webroot', pathName);
// 获取对应文件的文档类型
varcontentType = this.getContentType(filePath);
// 如果文件名存在
fs.exists(filePath, function(exists) {
if(exists) {
response.writeHead(200, {'content-type': contentType});
varstream = fs.createReadStream(filePath, {flags: 'r', encoding: null});
stream.on('error', function () {
response.writeHead(500, {'content-type': 'text/html'});
response.end('<h1>500 Server Error</h1>');
});
// 返回文件内容
stream.pipe(response);
} else{ // 文件名不存在的情况
if(hasExt) {
// 如果这个文件不是程序自动添加的，直接返回404
response.writeHead(404, {'content-type': 'text/html'});
response.end('<h1>404 Not Found</h1>');
} else{
// 如果文件是程序自动添加的且不存在，则表示用户希望访问的是该目录下的文件列表
varhtml = "<head><meta charset='utf-8'></head>";
try{
// 用户访问目录
varfiledir = filePath.substring(0, filePath.lastIndexOf('\\'));
// 获取用户访问路径下的文件列表
varfiles = fs.readdirSync(filedir);
// 将访问路径下的所以文件一一列举出来，并添加超链接，以便用户进一步访问
for(vari infiles) {
varfilename = files[i];
html += "<div><a href='"+ filename + "'>"+ filename + "</a></div>";
}
} catch(e){
html += '<h1>您访问的目录不存在</h1>';
}
response.writeHead(200, {'content-type': 'text/html'});
response.end(html);
}
}
});
}请求处理函数中有几个重点需要说一下：
对于路径中有中文的，浏览器会自动进行编码（英文不变，中文会变），因此在接收到地址后，需要对地址进行解码，否则最后得到的路径和真实路径不相符,
当访问路径不是以具体的文件结尾，并且不是以/结尾，则需要通过重定向加上/，表示当前目录，否则当前路径下的静态资源会找不到。
如果访问路径是目录，则列出该目录下所有文件及文件夹，并可以点击访问，为了让中文目录能正常显示，则还要在header中设置charset=utf-8
核心代码就这么多，大概140行左右，完整的代码已上传到 github : https://github.com/git-onepixel/Node,
如果要运行demo,打开 cmd 切换到根目录，运行 node start 即可。
如有问题,欢迎讨论！
更多编程相关知识，请访问：编程教学！！
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