What are the functional components of the hardware system of a Von Yymann computer?

Functional components: arithmetic unit, controller, memory, input device and output device. The arithmetic unit is a component that performs arithmetic and logical operations; the controller is the center for unified command and coordination of other components; the memory is a component of the computer that memorizes or temporarily stores data; the input device is a device that inputs data and information to the computer; the output device is the output A device for computer processing of results.

The operating environment of this tutorial: Windows 7 system, Dell G3 computer.

The functional components of the hardware system of the Von Iman computer are: arithmetic unit, controller, memory, input device and output device.

The basic working principle of computers was invented by the Hungarian-American scientist Feng. Neumann first proposed it in 1946. Its basic ideas can be summarized as the following three:

① A computer is composed of arithmetic unit, controller, memory, input device, and output device;

② Programs and data are represented by binary numbers in the computer Represents;

③The working process of the computer is controlled by stored programs.

The basis for computers to automatically complete calculations or processing processes is stored programs and program control. The principles of stored programs and program control are the core of von Neumann's ideas.

1. Controller

The controller is a component that analyzes the input instructions and uniformly controls various components of the computer to complete certain tasks.

It generally consists of an instruction register, a status register, an instruction decoder, a sequential circuit and a control circuit.

is a component that coordinates and directs the work of various computer components. Its function is to sequentially retrieve commands from the memory, generate control signals, issue instructions to other components, and direct the entire computing process.

The controller is the center for unified command and coordination of other components.

2. Operator

The operator, also known as the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU for short), is a component that performs arithmetic and logical operations.

The main function of the operator is to perform various arithmetic operations and logical operations and process data.

Controllers, arithmetic units and registers form the core of the hardware system - the Central Processing Unit (Central Processing Unit, referred to as CPU).

The CPU is integrated on a chip using large-scale integrated circuit technology and is the core device of the computer system.

3. Memory

Memory is a component of a computer that stores or temporarily stores data.

All information in the computer, including original input data.

The intermediate data after preliminary processing and the useful information completed by the final processing are stored in the memory.

Moreover, various programs that command the computer to run, that is, a series of instructions that specify how to process the input data, are also stored in the memory.

Memory is divided into internal memory (referred to as memory or main memory) and external memory (referred to as external memory or auxiliary memory, such as a hard disk).

4. Input device

Input device is a device that inputs data and information to the computer. It is a bridge between the computer and the user or other devices, and is the link between the user and the computer system. One of the main devices for information exchange. The task of the input device is to transmit data, instructions and certain sign information to the computer. Keyboards, mice, cameras, scanners, light pens, handwriting input tablets, joysticks, voice input devices, etc. are all input devices (Input Device). They are a device for humans or external devices to interact with computers. They are used to convert raw data to Programs that process this data are fed into the computer.

Computers can receive a variety of data, which can be numerical data or various non-numeric data, such as graphics, images, sounds, etc., through different types of input devices Input into the computer for storage, processing and output.

5. Output device

Output device is a way to convert the results or intermediate results of calculation or processing into various forms that humans can recognize, such as numbers, Symbols, letters, etc. are represented, so the input and output devices play the role of communication between humans and machines. Common ones include monitors, printers, plotters, image output systems, voice output systems, magnetic recording equipment, etc.

The monitor is an essential graphic and text output device for the computer. Its function is to convert digital signals into light signals so that text and graphics can be displayed on the screen. The printer is also an important device on the PC. Output device, which prints programs, data, and character graphics on paper.

Console typewriters, light pens, monitors, etc. can be used as both input and output devices.

Input and output devices (I/O) play a role in connecting people and computers, equipment and computers, and computers and computers.

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