Three ways to implement asynchrony in PHP
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三种实现方式
通用的异步执行文件 exec.php
sleep(8); $data = "--- type " . date("Y-m-d H:i:s") . " ---\\n"; file_put_contents("../log.txt", $data, FILE_APPEND);
popen
通过 popen() 函数打开进程文件指针,从而能异步执行脚本文件。(只在linux下有效)
pclose(popen("php exec.php &", 'r')); echo 1;
缺点:只能异步执行本地的脚本文件,不能跨域执行,不能传递参数。
每次执行都会创建新的进程,当并发量高时就创建大量进程,从而造成资源浪费。
curl
应用程序以 curl 发起 http 请求的形式实现异步。但是 curl 请求也需要等待请求返回,程序同样会阻塞,这时我们需要设置 http 请求的超时时间为1s,这样相当于发起了一个 http 请求去执行任务,但是不等待其返回结果,继续向下执行程序,这样就可以实现异步效果。
function asyncCurl($url, $data) { if (is_array($data)) { $data = http_build_query($data, null, '&'); } $ch = curl_init(); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $data); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 1); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1); $result['response'] = curl_exec($ch); $result['httpCode'] = curl_getinfo($ch, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE); return $result; } $url = "<http://127.0.0.1/exec.php>"; $data = []; asyncCurl($url, $data); echo "OK";
curl 请求实现异步方式的缺陷就是 http 请求的最小超时时间为1s。也就是应用程序无论如何都要等待1s钟以上才能响应(现在 curl 扩展也能支持毫秒级别的超时时间设置,不过毫秒时间的超时很容易造成请求失败)。
fsockopen
fsockopen() 函数用于打开一个网络连接或者一个Unix套接字连接。通过发起 http 通信来实现异步。
从原理上来说与 curl 请求一样。
function sockPost($host, $url, $param) { $port = parse_url($url, PHP_URL_PORT); $port = $port ? $port : 80; $scheme = parse_url($url, PHP_URL_SCHEME); $path = parse_url($url, PHP_URL_PATH); $query = http_build_query($param); if ($scheme == 'https') { $host = 'ssl://' . $host; } $fp = fsockopen($host, $port, $error_code, $error_msg, 1); if (!$fp) { return array('error_code' => $error_code, 'error_msg' => $error_msg); } else { stream_set_blocking($fp, 0); stream_set_timeout($fp, 10); $header = "GET $path" . "?" . "$query" . " HTTP/1.1\\r\\n"; $header .= "Host: $host\\r\\n"; $header .= "Connection: close\\r\\n\\r\\n";//长连接关闭 fwrite($fp, $header); usleep(2000); // 延时,防止在nginx服务器上无法执行成功 fclose($fp); return array('error_code' => 0); } } $host = "127.0.0.1"; $url = "/exec.php"; $param = []; $result = sockPost($host, $url, $param); var_dump($result);
fsockopen 方式相比 curl 更复杂,需要自己拼接处 http 请求的 header 部分。在 curl 不支持毫秒级超时之前 fsockopen 方式无疑是最佳选择。
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