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Three ways to implement asynchrony in PHP

Jan 27, 2021 pm 01:47 PM
php asynchronous

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三种实现方式

通用的异步执行文件 exec.php

sleep(8);
$data = "--- type " . date("Y-m-d H:i:s") . " ---\\n";
file_put_contents("../log.txt", $data, FILE_APPEND);
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popen

通过 popen() 函数打开进程文件指针,从而能异步执行脚本文件。(只在linux下有效)

pclose(popen("php exec.php &", 'r'));
echo 1;
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缺点:只能异步执行本地的脚本文件,不能跨域执行,不能传递参数。

每次执行都会创建新的进程,当并发量高时就创建大量进程,从而造成资源浪费。

curl

应用程序以 curl 发起 http 请求的形式实现异步。但是 curl 请求也需要等待请求返回,程序同样会阻塞,这时我们需要设置 http 请求的超时时间为1s,这样相当于发起了一个 http 请求去执行任务,但是不等待其返回结果,继续向下执行程序,这样就可以实现异步效果。

function asyncCurl($url, $data)
{
    if (is_array($data)) {
        $data = http_build_query($data, null, '&');
    }
    $ch = curl_init();
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $data);
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 1);
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
    $result['response'] = curl_exec($ch);
    $result['httpCode'] = curl_getinfo($ch, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE);
    return $result;
}

$url = "<http://127.0.0.1/exec.php>";
$data = [];

asyncCurl($url, $data);

echo "OK";
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curl 请求实现异步方式的缺陷就是 http 请求的最小超时时间为1s。也就是应用程序无论如何都要等待1s钟以上才能响应(现在 curl 扩展也能支持毫秒级别的超时时间设置,不过毫秒时间的超时很容易造成请求失败)。

fsockopen

fsockopen() 函数用于打开一个网络连接或者一个Unix套接字连接。通过发起 http 通信来实现异步。

从原理上来说与 curl 请求一样。

function sockPost($host, $url, $param)
{
    $port = parse_url($url, PHP_URL_PORT);
    $port = $port ? $port : 80;
    $scheme = parse_url($url, PHP_URL_SCHEME);
    $path = parse_url($url, PHP_URL_PATH);
    $query = http_build_query($param);

    if ($scheme == &#39;https&#39;) {
        $host = &#39;ssl://&#39; . $host;
    }
    $fp = fsockopen($host, $port, $error_code, $error_msg, 1);
    if (!$fp) {
        return array(&#39;error_code&#39; => $error_code, &#39;error_msg&#39; => $error_msg);
    } else {
        stream_set_blocking($fp, 0);
        stream_set_timeout($fp, 10);
        $header = "GET $path" . "?" . "$query" . " HTTP/1.1\\r\\n";
        $header .= "Host: $host\\r\\n";
        $header .= "Connection: close\\r\\n\\r\\n";//长连接关闭
        fwrite($fp, $header);
        usleep(2000); // 延时,防止在nginx服务器上无法执行成功
        fclose($fp);
        return array(&#39;error_code&#39; => 0);
    }
}

$host = "127.0.0.1";
$url = "/exec.php";
$param = [];
$result = sockPost($host, $url, $param);
var_dump($result);
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fsockopen 方式相比 curl 更复杂,需要自己拼接处 http 请求的 header 部分。在 curl 不支持毫秒级超时之前 fsockopen 方式无疑是最佳选择。

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