Learn to use JavaScript to implement UTF-8 encoding and decoding

首先简单介绍一下UTF-8。UTF-8以字节为单位对Unicode进行编码。
UTF-8的特点是对不同范围的字符使用不同长度的编码。
对于0x00-0x7F之间的字符，UTF-8编码与ASCII编码完全相同。UTF-8编码的最大长度是6个字节。
6字节模板有31个x，即可以容纳31位二进制数字。Unicode的最大码位0x7FFFFFFF也只有31位。

The encoding method from Unicode to UTF-8 is as follows:

##010000 -10FFFF11110xxx10xxxxxx10xxxxxx10xxxxxx

Unicode encoding (hexadecimal)	UTF-8 byte stream (binary)
000000-00007F	0xxxxxxx
000080-0007FF	110xxxxx 10xxxxxx
000800-00FFFF	1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx

The following is the js implementation code, first is the encoding

function utf8Encode(inputStr) {
  var outputStr = "";
  
  for(var i = 0; i < inputStr.length; i++) {
    var temp = inputStr.charCodeAt(i);
    
    //0xxxxxxx
    if(temp < 128) {
      outputStr += String.fromCharCode(temp);
    }
    //110xxxxx 10xxxxxx
    else if(temp < 2048) {
      outputStr += String.fromCharCode((temp >> 6) | 192);
      outputStr += String.fromCharCode((temp & 63) | 128);
    }
    //1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx
    else if(temp < 65536) {
      outputStr += String.fromCharCode((temp >> 12) | 224);
      outputStr += String.fromCharCode(((temp >> 6) & 63) | 128);
      outputStr += String.fromCharCode((temp & 63) | 128);
    }
    //11110xxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx
    else {
      outputStr += String.fromCharCode((temp >> 18) | 240);
      outputStr += String.fromCharCode(((temp >> 12) & 63) | 128);
      outputStr += String.fromCharCode(((temp >> 6) & 63) | 128);
      outputStr += String.fromCharCode((temp & 63) | 128);
    }
  }
  
  return outputStr;
}

The following is the decoding

function utf8Decode(inputStr) {
  var outputStr = "";
  var code1, code2, code3, code4;
  
  for(var i = 0; i < inputStr.length; i++) {
    code1 = inputStr.charCodeAt(i);
    
    if(code1 < 128) {
      outputStr += String.fromCharCode(code1);
    }
    else if(code1 < 224) {
      code2 = inputStr.charCodeAt(++i);
      outputStr += String.fromCharCode(((code1 & 31) << 6) | (code2 & 63));
    }
    else if(code1 < 240) {
      code2 = inputStr.charCodeAt(++i);
      code3 = inputStr.charCodeAt(++i);
      outputStr += String.fromCharCode(((code1 & 15) << 12) | ((code2 & 63) << 6) | (code3 & 63));
    }
    else {
      code2 = inputStr.charCodeAt(++i);
      code3 = inputStr.charCodeAt(++i);
      code4 = inputStr.charCodeAt(++i);
      outputStr += String.fromCharCode(((code1 & 7) << 18) | ((code2 & 63) << 12) |((code3 & 63) << 6) | (code2 & 63));
    }
  }
  
  return outputStr;
}

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