What are the main components in a CPU besides the internal bus and necessary registers?

In the CPU, in addition to the internal bus and necessary registers, the two main components are the arithmetic unit and the controller. The central processing unit (CPU) is composed of two parts: arithmetic unit and controller, which can complete the interpretation and execution of instructions.

The operating environment of this tutorial: Windows 7 system, Dell G3 computer.

In the CPU, in addition to the internal bus and necessary registers, the two main components are the arithmetic unit and the controller.

Central processing unit (CPU) is one of the main devices of electronic computers and the core component of computers. Its function is mainly to interpret computer instructions and process data in computer software. The CPU is the core component of the computer that reads instructions, decodes them, and executes them. The central processing unit mainly consists of two parts, namely the controller and the arithmetic unit, which also include cache memory and the data and control bus that realize the connection between them. The three core components of an electronic computer are the CPU, internal memory, and input/output devices. The main functions of the central processing unit are to process instructions, perform operations, control time, and process data.

Controller

The controller refers to changing the wiring of the main circuit or control circuit in a predetermined sequence and changing the resistance value in the circuit to control the starting, speed regulation, and Braking and reverse master device. The controller is composed of program status register PSR, system status register SSR, program counter PC, instruction register, etc. As a "decision-making mechanism", its main task is to issue commands and play a coordination and command role in the operation of the entire computer system. There are two main categories of control: combinational logic controllers and microprogrammed controllers. Both parts have their own advantages and disadvantages. Among them, the structure of the combinational logic controller is relatively complex, but its advantage is that it is faster; the microprogrammed controller design has a simple structure, but when modifying the function of a machine instruction, the entire microprogram needs to be reprogrammed.

Operator

The operator consists of an arithmetic logic unit (ALU), an accumulator, a status register, a general-purpose register group, etc. The basic functions of the Arithmetic Logic Operation Unit (ALU) are the four arithmetic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, logical operations such as AND, OR, NOT, and XOR, as well as operations such as shift and complement. When the computer is running, the operations and types of operations of the arithmetic units are determined by the controller. The data processed by the operator comes from the memory; the processed result data is usually sent back to the memory or temporarily stored in the operator. Together with the Control Unit, it forms the core part of the CPU.

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