Home Backend Development PHP Tutorial Do you know all the sixteen magic methods in PHP?

Do you know all the sixteen magic methods in PHP?

Mar 11, 2021 am 11:18 AM
php

No.1 __construct()

定义:类的构造函数
解释:对象创建后第一个被自动调用的方法,通常被用来执行一些有用的初始化任务,例如在创建对象时对成员属性赋予初始值。
例子:
Class Person{
    public $name;
    public $age;
    public $sex;

    public function __construct($name = '', $sex = '男', $age = 28) {
        $this->name = $name;
        $this->sex = $sex;
        $this->age = $age;
    }}注意:如果子类中定义了构造函数则不会调用其父类的构造函数。要执行父类的构造函数,需要在子类的构造函数中调用 parent::__construct()
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NO.2 __destruct() [abnormal view]
定义:类的析构函数
解释:与构造函数相反,在类销毁之前执行一些操作,比如关闭文件、释放结果等。
例子:
主动调用 unset( $obj )主动调用 $obj = NULL程序自动结束
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NO.3 __call()
定义:在对象中调用一个不存在的方法时 自动调用
解释:为了避免当调用的方法不存在时产生错误,而意外的导致程序中止,可以使用 __call() 方法来避免。
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NO.4 __callStatic()
定义:同上 不同在于调用静态方法时 自动调用
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NO.5 __get()
定义:可以在对象的外部获取私有成员属性的值
例子:private $name;function __construct($name="", $age=1){
    $this->name = $name;}public function __get($propertyName){   
    return $this->$propertyName;}// 通过Person类实例化的对象,并通过构造方法为属性赋初值$Person = new Person("小明", 60);// 直接访问私有属性name,自动调用了__get()方法可以间接获取echo "姓名:" . $Person->name . "<br>";
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No.6 __set()
定义:与__get()类似 为私有属性赋值
例子:public function __set($propertyName, $value){
    $this->$propertyName = $value;}
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No.7 __isset()
定义:在类外部 判断属性isset()例子:public function __isset($content) {
    echo "当在类外部使用isset()函数测定私有成员{$content}时,自动调用<br>";
    echo  isset($this->$content);}echo isset($person->name);
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#No.8 __unset()
定义:在类外部删除私有变量时自动调用
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No.9 __sleep()
定义:执行serialize时会被自动调用
例子:public function __sleep(){
    $this->name = base64_encode($this->name);
    return ['name', 'age'];}echo serialize($person);
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#No.10 __wakeup()
定义:与__sleep类似 在执行unserialize()时被自动调用
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No.11 __toString()
定义:当类被当成字符串输出时如何响应 例如 echo $obj; 应该显示些什么。

注意:此方法必须返回一个字符串,否则将发出一条 `E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR` 级别的致命错误。

警告:不能在 __toString() 方法中抛出异常。这么做会导致致命错误。
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NO.12 __invoke()
定义:当尝试以调用函数的方式调用一个对象生效
例子:public function __invoke() {
    echo '拿我当函数用,我就会被自动调用';}$person = new Perseon();$person();
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No.13 __set_state()
定义:调用var_export导出类时,该方法自动被调用。
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#No.14 __clone()
定义:当对象复制完成时调用
例子:public function __clone(){
    echo __METHOD__."你正在克隆对象<br>";
    $this->name = 'new name';
    $this->age = 18;}$copy_of_object = clone $object;
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No.15 __autoload()
定义:尝试加载未定义的类
例子:function  __autoload($className) {  
    $filePath = “project/class/{$className}.php”;  
    // 判断文件是否可读
    if (is_readable($filePath)) {  
        require($filePath);  
    }  }  if (条件A) {  
    $a = new A();  
    $b = new B();  
    $c = new C();  
    // … 业务逻辑  } else if (条件B) {  
    $a = newA();  
    $b = new B();  
    // … 业务逻辑  }注意:这里可以只用require,因为一旦包含进来后,php引擎再遇到类A时,将不会调用__autoload,而是直接使用内存中的类A,不会导致多次包含。

扩展:<?phpclass autoloader {
  public static $loader;
  public static function init() {
    if (self::$loader == NULL)
      self::$loader = new self ();
    return self::$loader;
  }
  public function __construct() {
    spl_autoload_register ( array ($this, &#39;model&#39; ) );
    spl_autoload_register ( array ($this, &#39;library&#39; ) );
  }
  public function model($class) {
    $class = preg_replace ( &#39;/_model$/ui&#39;, &#39;&#39;, $class );
    set_include_path ( get_include_path () . PATH_SEPARATOR . &#39;/model/&#39; );
    spl_autoload_extensions ( &#39;.model.php&#39; );
    spl_autoload ( $class );
  }
  public function library($class) {
    set_include_path ( get_include_path () . PATH_SEPARATOR . &#39;/lib/&#39; );
    spl_autoload_extensions ( &#39;.library.php&#39; );
    spl_autoload ( $class );
  }}//callautoloader::init ();?>
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#No.16 __debugInfo()
定义:打印所需调试信息
例子:public function __debugInfo(){
    return [
        'message' => "姓名:".$this->name . " 年龄:".$this->age    ];}$person = new Person('tongfei', 28);var_dump($person);
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